Foundations of Education: High-Yield LET Reviewer

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering philosophical, historical, socio-legal foundations of education in the Philippines, and the UNESCO 4 Pillars of Education for the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET).

Essentialism

An educational philosophy aimed at transmitting traditional moral values and basic intellectual disciplines to students, emphasizing the 3Rs (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic) and core academic subjects, with the teacher serving as an authority figure and model of discipline.

Perennialism

An educational philosophy aimed at developing rational and intellectual minds around eternal, changeless truths through classical subjects and the Great books of Western civilization, with the teacher acting as director of thought and master of Socratic dialogue.

Progressivism

An educational philosophy focused on promoting democratic living and developing the whole child through experiential learning, utilizing a child-centered, integrated curriculum based on student interests and needs, with the teacher as a facilitator, guide, and co-learner.

Existentialism

An educational philosophy centered on helping students define their own essence and take full responsibility for their unique choices, emphasizing humanities, arts, and creative expressions, with the teacher acting as a provider of options and non-coercive facilitator.

Social Reconstructionism

An educational philosophy that aims to reform society and address global structural inequalities and social injustices through critical social issues, community problem-solving, and activism, with the teacher serving as an agent of change and social organizer.

Behaviorism

An educational philosophy aimed at modifying and shaping observable student behavior through environmental engineering, utilizing structured, sequential lessons and programmed learning, with the teacher serving as a controller of stimuli and reinforcer of desired actions.

Linguistic Philosophy

An educational philosophy aimed at developing the learner's communication competence and ability to articulate meaning through verbal and non-verbal skills, public speaking, and textual analysis, with the teacher acting as a communication model and moderator.

Pre-Spanish Period Education

An educational period focused on survival and conformity, featuring informal, decentralized, and home-based learning conducted via the Baybayin script and oral tradition.

Educational Decree of 1863

A decree enacted during the Spanish Period that established the first public school system in the Philippines within a religion-centered, elitist curriculum focused on Christianization and indoctrination.

Thomasites

The first American teachers who taught in the Philippines during the American Period, which established secularized public education with English as the medium of instruction.

Executive Order 134

An executive order issued during the Commonwealth period that designated Tagalog as the basis of the National Language within an educational framework emphasizing nationalism, duty, and preparatory military training.

Japanese Period Education

An educational era oriented around the East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, focusing on the eradication of Western influence, teaching of Nihongo, and fostering a love of manual labor through vocational education.

Post-Colonial to Present Education

An educational period centered on quality, accessibility, and global competence, marked by a shift to a 10-year basic education system and the eventual adoption of the K-12 program.

1987 Constitution (Art. XIV)

The legal foundation that guarantees the protection and promotion of the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, making primary and secondary education free and compulsory.

RA 7836 (Teachers Professionalization Act)

A law that created the Board for Professional Teachers (BPT) under the PRC and mandated the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) for professional teacher registration.

RA 9293

Amendments to RA 7836 that provided structural guidelines for registration without examination, special permits, and mandated PRC license renewals every 3 years.

RA 10533 (Enhanced Basic Education Act)

The law that formally institutionalized the K to 12 program, made Kindergarten part of basic education, and integrated Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE).

RA 4670 (Magna Carta for Public Teachers)

A law regulating public school teachers' employment terms, providing safeguards such as a maximum of 6 hours of actual classroom teaching per day, cost of living allowances, and study leave benefits.

RA 9155 (Governance of Basic Education)

A law that shifted the name of DECS to the Department of Education (DepEd) and established School-Based Management (SBM), designating the school principal as the chief operations manager of the campus.

RA 7610 / DepEd Child Protection

The Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act, which governs DepEd's Child Protection Policy and asserts zero tolerance for corporal punishment and emotional abuse.

Learning to Know

A UNESCO pillar of education focused on acquiring the tools of understanding by combining a sufficiently broad general education with the opportunity for in-depth work on a selected number of subjects.

Learning to Do

A UNESCO pillar of education focused on occupational skills and the competence to deal with many situations, work in teams, and adapt to changing economic and market environments.

Learning to Live Together

A UNESCO pillar of education focused on developing an understanding of other people and an appreciation of interdependence, peace, mutual understanding, and managing conflicts.

Learning to Be

A UNESCO pillar of education focused on the holistic development of the individual's complete personality, including mind, body, spiritual values, and emotional responsibility.