History 2110 Midterm GSU

"City upon a hill"

1630 Address by John Winthrop used as a parable to explain to the people that they were to be a light to the dark world. The significance of this is that the world was watching them and they should live life according to the Bible as models so that others will emulate what they were doing.

Jamestown

Second attempt at colonizing the new world. First permanent English settlement. Significant because settlers expected to find gold and wealth, but they mainly dealt with internal disputes, sickness, and death. Also it was the site of the first whites v. Indian clashes over expansion.

Bacon's Rebellion

It was uprising in 1676 - 1677 against American Indians and the colonial government in the Virginia Colony over taking reprisal action for alleged thefts by the Native Americans. Significant because they were able to be treated as equals, no more indentured servitude.

Benjamin Franklin

Apart of the Continental Congress. He had traveled to England to petition parliament to agree to tax breaks but they mocked him. He went from being pro-England to pro-revolt!

The Stamp Act

1765; tax on all printed documents fell on every class. significant because it was the first act of revolution against England.

Bartolome de las Casas

Spanish missionary that wrote "Of the Island of Hispaniola". This was significant because it urged the spanish government to take action against the men who were in charge of the natives. They were being treated harshly when they were innocent sheep being led to slaughter.

John Winthrop

Selected governor of Massachusetts Bay gave the speech of City Upon a Hill because he didn't want colonists to lose sight of their beliefs and continue to be apart of a Holy Commonwealth.

Indentured wage system

Is the enterprises in colonies that depended on Indian workforces in the mines & plantations. Significant because needs were not met and settlers begun to import african slaves in 1502.

Andrew Jackson

won the presidential race against John Quincy Adams. Believed in manhood suffrage. significant because he begun the era of the common man, wasn't high born but made it to the top. non elite white man began to become apart of the process due to him.

Crispus Attucks

Black killed during the Boston Massacre. Significant because he was the first death of the Revolution which in turned enraged the people to completely turn on England.

Middle Passage

Was the voyage of the slave ships from Africa to the Americas. Significance because its a transfer of raw goods, weaponry and gold, as well as slaves between the US, Great Britain, and Africa.

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Belief of Andrew Jackson. All white men should be allowed to vote regardless of being owners of land or not. Significant because for the 1st time non-elite white men saw themselves as apart of the election and equals.

Boston Massacre

It was when soldiers protected the tax office, Boston residents threatened them and begun to fire into the crowd. Significant because a few colonists were killed and they looked at this as an act of war.

Boston Tea Party

Is when the colonists dressed up as indians and threw all the imported tea overboard. It was significant because it symbolized they were through paying taxes on it, the colonies unified in this opposition and propelled them into war with England.

Alexander Hamilton

Caribbean born established himself in US became a founding father and secretary of Treasury. Significant because he emphasized strong central government and successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the national debt, assume states' debts, and create the government-backed Bank of the United States.

Abigail Adams

wife of 2nd president John Adams. Significant because she wrote him urging him and the Continental Congress not to forget about the nations women when fighting for US independence. Felt men were being tyrannical towards their women just like the King towards the colonies. Known as the first feminist.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the US, also a founding father. Significant because he wrote the Dec of Independence. Also in his version of Democracy he believed that America should stay as it and "under the radar" because when countries become too big eventually they fall from grace. The only way to survive is to thrive through agriculture.

"The Course of Empire"

Is a reflection the old school notion that empires and nation age from infancy and decay, Savagery to pastoral (humble farming), to consummation of an empire (establishment) to the destruction of an empire to desolation of one where people only come as an historical site. Significant because it explained how Jefferson feared if the colonists got too big they would eventually turn to vices and become out of control.

Equiano

Slave who gained freedom and wrote a book on his life and the hardships he endured. Significant because it gave interested parties a look into a slaves journey and eventually resulted in slave abolitionists coming together in greater number.

Why would Bacon's Rebellion result in elites turning increasingly to the African slave trade?

Didn't have to pay them. They weren't British so they couldn't complain about not being on the same level and demand rights like indentured servants did. The contract was never up so they had a permanent reproducing (multiple generations) labor source with no hopes of freedom.

To whom is this quote attributed and what does it mean?

"But, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other."

Jeffersons explanation on why he couldn't emancipate slaves. Slavery as an entirety and slaves in general was this wild beast that they have control of and when you force a wild animal into submission, as soon as it is released it will generally turn on you. Jefferson is saying that they are damned if they do, and damned if they don't. To give a slave their freedom is to risk causing harm to themselves. It is better to keep hold for as long as possible and deal with the consequences later.

What were the differences between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton's ideal democratic country and what dangers to America's survival did they worry about?