chapter 7 8 and 9 urinary system; female and male reproductive system

cali/o, calic/o

calyx (calix); cup-shaped

cyst/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

albumin/o

albumin (a protein in the blood)

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/i

potassium

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

py/o

pus

ur/o

urine (urea)

urin/o

urine

angi/o

vessel

hydr/o

water

isch/o

to hold back, block

necr/o

death

-poietin

substance that forms

-tripsy

crushing

-uria

urination; urine condition

-ectasis

dilation, widening

-ectomy (review)

excision, surgical removal

-emia (review)

blood condition

-esis

condition of, state of

-gram (review)

record

-lithiasis

condition of stones

-lithotomy

incision to remove a stone

-lysis (review)

separation, breakdown, destruction

-megaly (review)

enlargement

-ole

small (e.g., arteriole = small artery)

-osis (review)

abnormal condition

-pathy (review)

disease condition

-plasty (review)

surgical repair

-ptosis (review)

drooping, downward displacement

-rrhea (review)

flow, discharge

-sclerosis

hardening

-stenosis (review)

narrowing, tightening

-stomy (review)

new opening

-tomy (review)

incision

a-, an- (review)

no, not, without

anti-

against

dia- (review)

complete, through

dys- (review)

painful, difficult, abnormal

en-

in, within

hypo- (review)

below, deficient, under

peri- (review)

surrounding

poly- (review)

many, much

retro- (review)

backward, behind

arteriole

small artery

calciferol

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

calyx (calix); pl. calyces/calices

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

catheter

tube for injecting or removing fluids

cortex

outer region of an organ

creatinine

nitrogenous waste product of muscle metabolism, excreted in urine

electrolyte

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

erythropoietin (EPO)

hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production

filtration

process whereby some, but not all, substances pass through a filter

glomerular capsule (Bowman capsule)

structure surrounding each glomerulus that collects filtered material

glomerulus; pl. glomeruli

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

hilum

depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

kidney

one of two bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood to form urine

meatus

opening or canal

medulla

inner region of an organ

nephron

functional unit of the kidney (glomerulus + renal tubule)

nitrogenous waste

substance containing nitrogen, excreted in urine (urea, uric acid, creatinine)

potassium (K+)

electrolyte regulated by the kidney; essential for muscle and nerve function

reabsorption

process by which renal tubules return needed materials to the bloodstream

renal artery

blood vessel carrying blood to the kidney

renal pelvis

central urine-collecting region in the kidney

renal tubule

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

renal vein

blood vessel carrying blood away from the kidney

renin

enzyme secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure

sodium (Na+)

electrolyte regulated by the kidney; needed for nerve and heart function

trigone

triangular area in the urinary bladder

urea

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

ureter

tube leading from kidney to urinary bladder

urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

uric acid

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

urinary bladder

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

urination (voiding)

process of expelling urine; also called micturition

caliectasis

dilation of a calyx

caliceal

pertaining to a calyx

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

cystectomy

removal of the urinary bladder

cystostomy

surgical opening from the bladder to the outside of the body

meatal stenosis

narrowing of the urinary meatus

paranephric

pertaining to near the kidney

nephropathy

any disease of the kidney

nephroptosis

downward displacement (dropping) of a kidney