chp13

this is known as an end plate potential with a somatic motor ending

ion channels open allowing sodium and potassium to flow with their gradients and causes depolarization inside the cell

what happens in a somatic motor ending when voltage gates Na+ channels open and action potential propgrates this happens when

threshold is reached

this is a junction with smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

vi8sceral or autonomic

this is the point where the axon ends in a visceral muscle or gland visceral motor ending

varicosities

what neurotransmitters are found in the autonomic system

Ach in parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic neurons contain norepinephrine

what does polysynaptic mean

involve two or more synapses between sensory and motor neurons

this level of motor control is the lowest/simplest they are the spinal circuits/ reflexes

segmental

during the segmental pathway where does the sensory input enter and exit

comes in the spinal cord, spinal cord send effert signal out

this can control the segmental level by overriding or inhibit spinal reflex this includes the motor cortex of cerebrum contains motor neurons from brain step and motor cortex

projection level

this level is the highest level it contains the cerebellum and basal nuclei and programs instructions

precommand level

what are the five components of a reflex arc

receptor, sensory, integration center. motor neuron. effector

these are just present reflexes born with them. rapid involuntrary predictable

intrinsic response t

these are learned reflex from practice and repetition

acquired reflexes

what does a spinal reflex control

somatic nervous system effectors

where is the integration center in a spinal reflex

spinal cord

while these can be done without the addition of the brain how can the brain affect these reflexes

modification, inhibit or override

monosynaptic

there is only one synapse between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron

these neurons are primarily sensory in the PNS

unipolar

this neuron speclizes primarly in the special senses

biopolar