Vet Tech III LAB Quiz 1

Must be placed on all patients on admission to the hospital.

Identification collars

A numeric assessment of the patient's weight compared with the ideal body weight.

Body Condition Score

Sleep-like state, can be aroused with painful stimuli.

Stuporous

Cannot be aroused, unresponsive to stimuli including pain.

Comatose

General Condition

Findings revealed by visually examining the patient at a distance.

Manner in which the patient moves; normal is equal weight on all limbs.

Gait

More heart beats than pulses, can indicate cardiovascular disease.

Pulse deficit

Weak/nonpalpable pulse

Indicates hypotension.

Pale or prolonged CRT

Indicates shock, vasoconstriction, hypotension, or anemia.

Cynotic

Indicates hypoxia.

Dyspnea

Signs include mouth breathing, flared nostrils, exaggerated chest or abdominal movements, wheezing, reluctance to lie down; extreme = cyanosis.

PCV

Percentage of the total blood volume that is made up of whole RBCs.

Electrocardiogram

Records the electrical activity of the heart allowing the vet to assess heart rhythm.

Radiography

Used for thoracic rads for cardio or pulmonary disease, 6 view for traumas, and abdominal for FB and GDV.

Pulmonary aspiration

Always serious and may lead to pneumonia that is difficult to treat, permanent disability and in some cases even immediate respiratory arrest and death.

Peripheral IV Catheter

Used for frequent blood draws, multiple fluids and drugs or chemo; single lumen.

Central IV Catheter

Used for frequent blood draws, multiple fluids and drugs or chemo; multi lumen.

Osmolarity

Solute concentration; decrease- dehydration, exercise, heat stroke, V+/D+; increase- CHF.

Replacement fluids

Have high concentrations of Na and Cl (ECF) and are designed to replace fluid losses.

Vesicants

Drugs that damage tissues if injected perivascular.

Crystalloids

Water and small-molecular weight solutes used in IV fluids.

Examples of isotonic crystalloids

LRS, norm-R

Signs of overhydration

Ocular/nasal discharge, subcutaneous edema

Any drug used to induce a loss of sensation with or without unconsciousness.

Anesthetic agent

Drug that is not a true anesthetic but is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects.

Adjunct

Given before general anesthesia.

Preanesthetic meds

Induce general anesthesia.

Induction agents

Maintain general anesthesia.

Maintenance agents

Loss of sensation in a localized area.

Local anesthetic

Loss of sensation over the entire body, accompanied by unconsciousness.

General anesthetic

Used to relax or paralyze skeletal muscles during surgeries.

Neuromuscular blockers

Decrease parasympathetic nervous system stimulation such as bradycardia and excessive salivation.

Anticholinergic agents

The effect that the body has on the drug.

Pharmacokinetics

The effect the drug has on the body.

Pharmacodynamics

Agonists

Bind to and stimulate tissue receptors.

Antagonists

Bind to but do not stimulate receptors.

Reversals

Drugs given after an agonist of the same class to 'wake the patient'.

Partial agonists

Bind to and partially stimulate receptors.

Agonist-antagonists

Bind to more than one receptor type and simultaneously stimulate at least one and block at least one.

A class of drugs often used for pain relief.

Opioids

Drugs that block sensation in a specific area.

Local anesthetics

Drugs that stimulate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, often used for sedation and analgesia.

Alpha 2 agonists

A class of anesthetics that disrupt the brain's perception of pain and sensory input.

Dissociatives

An anesthetic drug that is 95-99% protein bound.

Propofol

Tissue redistribution

The distribution of drugs to various tissues based on blood flow.

Anxiolytics

Drugs like Trazodone and Gabapentin used to reduce anxiety.

Pupil dilation.

Mydriasis

Acepromazine

A phenothiazine tranquilizer administered IV or IM, lasting 4-8 hours, and metabolized by the liver.

Absence of sensation that affects the whole body or an isolated part of the region of the body.

Anesthesia

Unconsciousness and insensibility to feeling/pain induced by administration of anesthetic agents.

General anesthesia

The process that is used to take the patient from a state of consciousness to general anesthesia.

Induction

Loss of sensation in a localized body part or region induced by administration of a drug without loss of consciousness.

Local anesthesia

State of calm or drowsiness.

Sedation

State of relaxation and reduced anxiety.

Tranquilization

A benzodiazepine that cannot be stored in syringes or IV bags due to its solubility in plastic.

Diazepam

A more potent benzodiazepine than diazepam, water soluble and compatible with a variety of agents.

Midazolam

A combination of tiletamine and zolazepam.

Telazol

Xylazine

An alpha 2 agonist used in both small and large animals, can induce vomiting in cats.

An anticholinergic commonly used to counteract bradycardia and excess salivation.

Atropine

An anticholinergic with a slower onset and longer duration, less likely to cause tachycardia.

Glycopyrrolate

How often after surgery/anesthesia should a recovering patient be turned

Every 10-15 minutes

Hypostatic congestion

pooling of blood in the dependent lung and tissues (those nearest the floor or table)

name one cardiovascular effect of acepromarize use

vasodilation

name one pre-anesthetic injectable that provides analgesia

dexdomitor

give one example of neuroleptanalgesic combination

ace/hydro

name an alpha2 antagonist

dexdomitor

give examples of contraindication for anticholinergic use

glaucoma, reduce GI

describe "celling effect" of an injectable pre-anesthetic medication

point in which increasing the dose no longer increases the desired effect

high doses of benzodiazepine have the potential to cause

dysphoria

name anticholinergic

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate

give an example of anatomic dead space

bronchi, trachea, larynx

place in order MOST to LEAST level of concentration

lethargic, stuporous, obtunded, comatose

how does hypoproteinemia affect your drug doses?

less protein but a normal drug dose means more drug is circulating in the blood than what in needed

what ASA category would a blocked cat whose bladder has ruptured from the pressure fall into?

4

define cachexia

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

name 2 benzodiazepines

diazepam, midazolam

a mild-to-moderate reduction in a person's level of consciousness or alertness

obtunded

give examples of a dissociative

ketamine

larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

ecchymoses

give examples of phenothiazines

acepromazine