Theory and Methodology of Physical Education 1

Essential vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts, principles, physiological foundations, and hygiene rules from the Physical Education Theory and Methodology 1 question bank.

Origin of Physical Education and Sports

The foundational emergence of physical exercise and sports rooted in human labor and production processes.

Practical Function of Physical Training and Sports

The role of physical activity and exercise in enhancing labor productivity and improving functional capacity for daily life.

Standardizing Function of Physical Training and Sports

The function aimed at evaluating athletic skill, physical readiness, and the degree of physical perfection achieved.

Aesthetic Function of Physical Training and Sports

The role of physical training in promoting symmetrical physical development, graceful posture, and an agile demeanor.

Informational Function of Physical Training and Sports

The role of physical education in propagating sports knowledge and broadening diplomatic and social relations across individuals and communities.

Physical Education (Broad Sense)

A form of education aimed at imparting motor skills, movement techniques, and specialized theoretical knowledge, while developing physical fitness qualities and promoting health.

Physical Instruction (Physical Education in the Narrow Sense)

The pedagogical process of equipping individuals with essential motor skills, movement habits, and specialized technical knowledge for life.

Motor Skill

The capacity to execute movement techniques accurately, though minor flaws or instability may still be present.

Motor Habit (Motor Automatism)

The capacity to perform motor techniques fluently, automatically, and effectively across diverse and changing situations.

Specialized Knowledge in Physical Education

The comprehensive body of information including the history of sports, rules of competition, exercise technique systems, and training methodologies.

Physical Qualities

The fundamental components of physical capacity: speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, and agility.

Physical Development

The biological process of morphological and functional changes in the human body, driven by the interaction of heredity, environment, and education.

Protective Point

A state during sleep where a select few cerebral cortex nerve cells remain vigilant while allowing the rest of the body and central nervous system to rest and recover.

Principle of Progression

The training principle requiring exercises to advance systematically from light to heavy, low to high, easy to difficult, and short to long durations, gradually raising load and intensity.

Principle of Regularity and Continuity

The principle of maintaining consistent, non-interrupted training across months, years, and lifetime to consolidate conditioned reflexes and prevent functional regression.

Principle of Comprehensive Training

The systematic development of all five fundamental physical qualities and psychological attributes to optimize overall adaptation and competitive readiness.

Principle of Individualization

The principle of tailoring training methods, technical demands, and stimulation intensity to each athlete's specific health status, age, sex, and fitness level.

Muscular Strength

The ability of the neuromuscular system to overcome or resist an external load through muscle tension.

Maximum Strength

The greatest force an individual can exert through voluntary maximal muscular contraction.

Speed-Strength (Explosive Strength)

The ability of the neuromuscular system to overcome resistance with a high rate of contraction within a minimal amount of time.

Strength Endurance

The capacity of the body to resist muscular fatigue during prolonged physical activities requiring repeated forceful contractions.

General Endurance

The ability to sustain a given submaximal exercise intensity over an extended duration ranging from dozens of minutes to several hours.

Speed Endurance

The capacity to maintain high velocity and near-maximal speed over an extended duration.

Static Endurance

The ability to sustain continuous, prolonged static or isometric muscular effort without changing body position.

Flexibility

The physical quality characterized by joint mobility and the elasticity of muscles and ligaments.

Agility (Motor Coordination)

The ability to rapidly execute complex coordinated motor patterns and adapt effectively to unexpected environmental changes.

General Warm-Up

Whole-body physical activity designed to elevate internal body temperature, activate major muscle groups, and mobilize key joints.

Specific Warm-Up

Targeted movements designed to selectively stimulate neuromuscular excitation in specific body parts directly related to the core tasks of the workout.

Training Density

The temporal relationship and ratio between work intervals and recovery periods within a single training session.

Cool-Down Phase

The concluding portion of a session involving gentle, low-intensity exercises to facilitate recovery, replenish energy substrates, and normalize the central nervous system.

Sports Injury

Physical or functional damage sustained by the body during sports training, exercise, or athletic competition.

Acute Phase of Injury

The early post-injury stage characterized by cardinal inflammatory signs including swelling, heat, redness, and pain at the injured site.

Closed Injury

A trauma in which underlying tissues are injured while the external skin remains intact without an open wound communicating outside.

Moderate Sports Injury

An injury causing limited bodily disturbance that temporarily impairs athletic ability and normal training participation.

Severe Sports Injury

A traumatic disruption resulting in major functional impairments that severely compromise health and require long-term cessation of training.