APSCP Chapter #2

computing device

a machine that can run a program

computing system

a group of computers working together for a common purpose

computing network

a group of connected computers that can send or receive data

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

path

a sequence of direct connections

IP Adresses (Internet Protocol)

a unique number for identifying devices that send and receive information on the Internet

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

Fault Tolerance (Redundancy)

the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

is a company that builds the routers and wired connections that allow individuals to access the Internet

digital divide

The relative lack of access to the latest technologies among low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries

Packets

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

Protocols

an agreed upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

World Wide Web (WWW)

a system of computers that share information by means of links on web pages