hdf test 3

piaget’s postformal thought

blending emotion & logic to enhance an individual’s thinking

relativistic thinking

knowing there may be more than one valid perspective

reflective thinking

• active, careful consideration of information or beliefs

• question facts and make connections

• exposure to diverse people and perspectives

normative-stage models

posits that adults follow a sequence of normative psychosocial changes

timing of events model

• posits that the course of development depends on when certain events occur in the people’s lives

• people aware of personal timing of events and social clock

trait models

focus on the measurement and examination of personality traits

typological models

looks at personality as a functioning whole with 3 types that vary in levels of ego resiliency and control

ego-resilient

confident, independent, helpful

overcontrolled

high self control, shy, quiet, anxious

undercontrolled

low self control, active, impulsive, stubborn

nonlove

• missing all 3 components

• most interpersonal relationships (casual)

empty love

• only commitment

• long-term relationships that lost intimacy / passion

liking

• intimacy

• closeness, understanding, affection without passion or commitment 

  • friendships

romantic love

• intimacy & passion, no commitment 

• drawn to each other physically and emotionally bonded but not committed

infatuation

• passion

• strong physical / sexual attraction without intimacy or commitment

  • hookups

companionate love

• intimacy / commitment

• long term friendship

• low physical attraction, still committed

  • eg) platonic marriages / lavender marriages

consummate love

• intimacy passion & commitment

• easier to achieve than to maintain

fatuous love

• passion & commitment without intimacy

  • summer fling

cohabitation

• unmarried, sexually involved couple living together

  • less satisfying and less stable than marriage

sarcopenia

age related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function; muscle replaced with fat

basal metabolism

minimum amount of energy needed to maintain vital functions during rest

presbyopia

difficulty focusing on near objects

myopia

 difficulty focusing on far objects

presbycusis

 gradual hearing loss

fluid intelligence

 ability to solve novel problems on the fly

eg) doing a puzzle, adapting to new technology

crystallized

• ability to remember/use info acquired over life

  • fixed, dependent on education

encapsulation

when fluid intelligence is dedicated to handling specific kinds of knowledge

phase retirement

gradually moving into retirement over a period of time

bridge employment

switching to another line of work

normative-stage model

generativity vs. stagnation

finding meaning thru contributions towards society

trait model

increase in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability

timing of events model

not focused on specific age, but rather milestones

midlife crisis

 changes in personality and lifestyle due to increased awareness of mortality and questioning of life satisfaction and/or achievement of goals

turning point

 psychological transition involving significant change of transformation in the meaning / purpose / direction of one’s life

• involves midlife review → recognize that life is finite, spur midlife corrections to alter trajectory of life

• more positive outlook than midlife crisis

narrative psychology

we all have a story that connects our past, present, and future

eg) overcoming addiction → dedicates lives to helping other addicts

identity process theory

characteristics, abilities, and traits are incorporated into identity schemas

identity assimilation

holding onto a consistent sense of self in the face of new experiences

identity accommodation

 adjusting identity schema to fit new experiences

social convoy theory

• people navigate life surrounded by circles of close friends and family

• can be relied on for assistance, well being, and support that is reciprocated

• declines after young adulthood due to changing life circumstances

time horizon

 knowing life is short pushes people towards meaningful relationships

revolving door syndrome

“boomerang children” return to the family home due to some kind of problem (financial strain, divorce)

sandwich generation

addressing needs of aging parents and dependent children

caregiver burnout

physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion from caring for aging parents

primary aging

gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration that begins early in life (nature)

secondary aging

 results from disease, abuse, and disuse (nurture)

functional age

how well a person functions physically / socially compared to others the same age

senescence

decline in body functioning associated with aging

genetic programming theories

• people’s bodies age according to instructions in our genes

  • ⅕ of variance in lifespan is associated with genetics

  • also impacted by genes switching on / off

telomeres

fragments of Dna on tips of chromosomes

endocrine theory

fluctuation in hormones causes aging

evolutionary theory

•  the body survives to reproduce and pass on genetic material

  • body declines after reproduction ends

variable rate theories

• aging is the result of random processes that vary between people

rate of living theory

 there is a balance between energy use and life span

wear-and-tear theory

the body ages as a result of accumulated damage to body molecules

cataracts

cloud or opaque areas in the lens of the eye

age-related macular degeneration

leading cause of visual impairment

macula

• small spot in the center of the retina that helps us focus on objects in our direct sight

  • degenerate over time, retina loses ability to distinguish fine details

glaucoma

irreversible damage to the optic nerve caused by increased pressure in the eye

periodontal disease

inflammation of the gums caused by bacteria in plaque

wechsler adult intelligence scale

• yields a verbal performance and total IQ

• older adults don’t perform as well as younger ones but relates to processing speed

seattle longitudinal study

• perceptual speed declines most rapidly

• cognitive declines in other areas slower but more variable