RA 1425, The Life and Context of José Rizal

Vocabulary flashcards covering the Rizal Law (RA 1425), 19th-century Philippine socio-economic background, hero concepts, and key events/figures in José Rizal's life and education.

Republic Act 1425

Also known as the Rizal Law, it mandates the teaching of the life, works, and writings of Dr. José Rizal in all public and private schools, colleges, and universities in the Philippines.

Senate Bill No. 438

A proposed act authored by Senator Claro M. Recto, also called the Noli-Fili Bill, mandating the inclusion of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in college curricula.

Unexpurgated

A term used in the context of the Rizal Law signifying uncut or uncensored texts.

Filipino Concept of a Hero (Pedro Serrano Laktaw, 1989)

A concept identifying terms such as bayani, bagani, magani, and Wani as a normal warrior in the community who displays traits like being walang takot, matapang, matibay, mapangahas, tahimik, and mahinahon.

Taft Commission (1901)

The commission headed by William Howard Taft that selected José Rizal over Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, and Mabini to be endorsed as the Philippine national hero.

Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee

An expert committee created under Executive Order No. 75 issued by President Fidel V. Ramos in 1993 to create official criteria for defining a national hero.

Daet Rizal Monument

Erected on December 30, 1898, in Daet, Camarines Norte by a group of masons; recognized as the oldest Rizal monument.

Galleon Trade

The Manila-Acapulco trade route monopolized by Spain that made Manila the commercial center in the East, running from the mid-17th century until its end in the early 19th century.

Tobacco Monopoly

A state system established in 1781–1782 under Governor-General José Basco y Vargas requiring designated provinces to grow tobacco for the government.

Inquilinos

Rich native land tenants in the 19th-century Philippines who accumulated wealth through managing cash crop agricultural lands.

Ilustrados

A class of educated native and mestizo Filipinos who emerged in the 19th century and sought reforms to achieve equality with Spaniards.

Education Decree of 1863

A reform by the Spanish colonial government that marked the start of a broader public primary education system in the Philippines.

Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos

A official list of Spanish and local surnames distributed following Governor-General Narciso Claveria's decree on November 21, 1849.

Domingo Lam Co

José Rizal's paternal great-great-grandfather, a Chinese immigrant from Changchow, Fukien whose Chinese name was Ke YinAn, and who took the surname Mercado in 1731.

Pepe

The nickname of José Rizal, derived from 'P.P.' (pater putativus), which was written after Saint Joseph's name in Latin and pronounced as 'peh-peh' in Spanish.

Memorias de un estudiante de Manila

An 8-chapter primary source document detailing José Rizal's childhood and student years, written under the pen name P. Jacinto between 1879 and 1881.

Gomburza

The three secular priests—Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora—executed by garrote on February 17, 1872, after being accused of treason in the Cavite Mutiny.

Escuela Pia

The original name of Ateneo de Municipal, founded in 1817 by the Manila city government as a charity school for poor boys.

Roman Empire and Carthaginian Empire

The two competitive student divisions (internos and externos) used within the Jesuit Educational System at Ateneo de Municipal.

A La Juventud Filipina

A winning poem written by an 18-year-old José Rizal in 1879 that encouraged the Filipino youth to cultivate their talents for the motherland.

El Consejo de los Dioses

An allegorical drama by Rizal commemorating Cervantes that won first prize in an Artistic-Literary Lyceum contest.

Companerismo

A secret organization of Filipino students created by Rizal at UST in 1880, whose members were named Companions of Jehu.

Taimis

The secret pseudonym used by Leonor Rivera when corresponding with José Rizal to keep their romance hidden.

El Amor Patrio

Rizal's first nationalistic essay, written in Barcelona and published in Diariong Tagalog with a Tagalog translation by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

An association established in 1882 in Madrid consisting of Filipinos and Spaniards advocating for Philippine governmental reforms.

La Solidaridad

A patriotic organization created in Barcelona on March 25, 1889, as well as its official reformist newspaper edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena.

Maximo Viola

A doctor and propagandist from Bulacan who financed the printing of the initial 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere in Berlin.

Ferdinand Blumentritt

An Austrian professor and principal in Leitmeritz who became one of José Rizal's closest friends, confidants, and translators.

O-Sei-San

Seiko Usui, a 23-year-old daughter of a samurai who acted as Rizal's tutor, interpreter, and romantic partner during his 1888 stay in Japan.

Valentin Ventura

The benefactor who provided the financial means to resume and finish the printing of El Filibusterismo in Ghent.

Doctor Uliman

The nickname given to José Rizal when he opened a medical clinic and practiced ophthalmology in Calamba after returning from Germany.