NE2

Sodium is the principal electrolyte inside cells.

False. Potassium is the principal intracellular electrolyte.

Iron is the most abundant mineral in the body.

False. Calcium is.

Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.

True.

People with low nutrient intakes are more likely to take supplements than well-nourished people.

False.

Why must people consume water?

The kidneys require a minimum amount of water to remove wastes.

How do caffeinated beverages contribute to water intake?

They contribute water similarly to noncaffeinated beverages.

What is a major function of electrolytes?

Maintaining fluid balance.

Which listed nutrient is a major mineral?

Phosphorus.

Which eating pattern contains the least sodium?

Eating mostly whole, unprocessed foods.

Diuretic use can increase the risk of deficiency of which mineral?

Potassium.

Which food group provides substantial potassium?

Fresh fruits and vegetables.

What is the ongoing process of bone breakdown and rebuilding called?

Remodeling.

Why are older women at increased risk of osteoporosis?

Estrogen levels decrease after menopause.

Which foods are good sources of magnesium?

Legumes, whole grains, and chocolate.

Approximately what percentage of dietary iron is typically absorbed?

10-15%.

Pica is associated with deficiency of which mineral?

Iron.

Which listed food is a source of iodine?

Oysters.

Fluoride helps protect against what?

Dental decay.

What nutrient amounts should a typical vitamin/mineral supplement provide?

Amounts near the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

Recommended pregnancy weight gain depends on prepregnancy BMI and the number of fetuses.

True.

Pregnancy cravings reliably indicate physiological nutrient needs.

False.

Consuming 400 micrograms of folic acid from supplements or fortified foods, in addition to food folate, helps prevent neural tube defects.

True.

Preeclampsia commonly occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is more common in first pregnancies.

True.

Moderate maternal weight loss during lactation harms breast milk quality.

False.

Prescription medications can enter breast milk and potentially harm an infant.

True, although safety depends on the specific medication.

Breastfed infants should be fed on demand.

True.

Why are carbohydrates important during pregnancy?

They fuel the fetal brain and spare protein for growth.

What can help a pregnant woman who dislikes dairy increase calcium intake?

Calcium-fortified orange juice.

Which nutrients were emphasized in the prenatal supplement question?

Folic acid, iron, and calcium.

Which listed exercise is appropriate during an uncomplicated pregnancy?

Swimming.

What daily caffeine limit was given for pregnancy?

No more than 200 mg.

Why are adolescent pregnancies at increased nutritional risk?

Adolescents are less likely to receive early prenatal care.

For approximately how long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended?

Six months.

How many additional daily calories are recommended during the first six months of lactation?

330 kilocalories.

How can poor maternal nutrition affect breast milk?

Milk quantity may decrease while quality is generally maintained.

What is a common deterrent to breastfeeding?

The difficulty of breastfeeding for working mothers.

When is the ideal time for the first breastfeeding?

As soon as possible after birth.

What should a mother do to help her infant breastfeed successfully?

Hold her breast with her hand behind the areola.

What is the movement of milk toward the nipple when an infant begins nursing called?

The let-down reflex.

What should a breastfeeding mother do during a feeding?

Allow the infant to suckle on the first breast as long as the infant likes.

At age two, healthy children have attained approximately half their adult height.

True.

The AAP supports exclusive breastfeeding for approximately six months, while recognizing that infants may become developmentally ready for complementary foods between four and six months.

True — the expected answer for the wording shown.

The way children eat has little influence on their health in adulthood.

False.

Research shows that excess sugar causes hyperactivity and worsens behavior in children and teens.

False.

Iron RDAs increase at age 12 for both sexes and return to preadolescent values in early adulthood.

False.

Which substance supplies the largest share of energy in breast milk and typical infant formula?

Lipids, or fats.

Which foods are most appropriate to introduce between four and six months, based on the feeding skills described?

Puréed meats and vegetables.

What have studies shown about children's food intake across meals?

If children eat more at one meal, they may eat less at the next.

Providing large quantities of candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets during the growing years can contribute to which listed deficiency?

Iron deficiency.

Compared with well-fed peers, children who skip breakfast may experience what?

Shorter attention spans.

Who strongly influences children's self-concept, weight concerns, and eating practices?

Parents.

How many exposures to a new food may toddlers need before showing increased preference for it?

Five to 10 times — the expected option in this quiz.

What strategy may help a picky child try new foods?

Involve the child in meal planning and grocery shopping.

Children's appetites fluctuate greatly depending on what?

Their current rate of growth.

School lunches are designed to provide approximately what fraction of daily nutritional needs?

One-third.

Which listed nutrient is commonly lacking in teenagers' diets?

Vitamin D.

Why might adolescent females fail to meet their iron needs?

They eat fewer iron-rich foods and consume fewer calories.

Approximately what fraction of adolescents' daily energy intake comes from snacks?

One-fourth.

What should parents stock for teenagers who frequently snack?

Easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious.

Approximately what fraction of adolescents' meals are eaten away from home?

One-third.

An abundant food supply has helped lengthen life expectancy but has also jeopardized further gains.

True.

A diet providing ample carotenoids and vitamins C and E may help delay cataract development.

True.

Adult energy needs generally decline by 15% every decade.

False.

Many older adults do not consume the recommended daily amount of fiber.

True.

Because total body water decreases with age, mild stresses such as hot weather can cause rapid dehydration in older adults.

True.

Which listed factor is the strongest predictor of mobility in later years?

Regular physical activity.

Which was the exception among the listed malnutrition risk factors: tooth loss, multiple medications, age over 80, limited social contact, or dehydration?

Dehydration — the expected exception in this screening-checklist question.

The fastest-growing age group described in the quiz is people older than what age?

85.

Resistance training in adults older than 85 has been shown to do what?

Increase energy expenditure.

Which supplements may help alleviate osteoarthritis pain, although more research is needed?

Glucosamine and chondroitin.

What does sarcopenia refer to?

Loss of muscle mass.

Estimated energy requirements for adults decrease steadily after what age?

19.

Why is protein especially important for older adults?

To support a healthy immune system.

Why should fat intake be moderate in older adults?

Reducing unhealthy fats helps slow the development of atherosclerosis.

Why are older adults at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than younger people?

Limited exposure to sunlight.

Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps protect against what?

Osteoporosis.

When does iron status in women generally improve?

After menopause.

Compared with older adults living with companions, why may those living alone have greater malnutrition risk?

They are more likely to be depressed.

What is the primary cause of hunger in developed countries?

Lack of money.

What is the largest federal food assistance program?

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Water is the most abundant substance in the human body.

True.

Dehydration occurs when fluid intake is greater than fluid loss.

False.

Sodium plays no role in maintaining fluid balance.

False.

How many additional daily calories are needed during the second and third trimesters?

340 kilocalories in the second trimester and 452 in the third trimester.

Protein requirements increase during pregnancy and lactation.

True.

Introducing a variety of nutritious foods during infancy supports healthy growth and development.

True.

Adequate calcium intake during childhood and adolescence supports bone development.

True.

Nutrient-dense foods become increasingly important in later adulthood because calorie needs often decline while nutrient needs remain high.

True.

Older adults may have increased dehydration risk because the sensation of thirst often decreases with age.

True.