Protein Synthesis

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18 Terms

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DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

<p>deoxyribonucleic acid</p>
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RNA

ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins Single Strand

<p>ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins Single Strand</p>
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mRNA

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

<p>messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome</p>
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tRNA

transfer RNA; type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

<p>transfer RNA; type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis</p>
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Proteins

control cell function, provide structure and affect how an organism looks.

<p>control cell function, provide structure and affect how an organism looks.</p>
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Genes

DNA segments that hold information about how to make specific proteins. Genes are copied into RNA and RNA is changed into proteins.

<p>DNA segments that hold information about how to make specific proteins. Genes are copied into RNA and RNA is changed into proteins.</p>
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Amino Acids

building blocks of proteins

<p>building blocks of proteins</p>
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protien synthesis

the process by which amino acids are arranged into proteins through the help of rRNA, tRNA, mRNA,

<p>the process by which amino acids are arranged into proteins through the help of rRNA, tRNA, mRNA,</p>
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Transcription

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template//rewriting the information fromt he genes in the DNA into mRNA.

<p>synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template//rewriting the information fromt he genes in the DNA into mRNA.</p>
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Eukaryotic organisms

Transcription takes place in the nucleus

<p>Transcription takes place in the nucleus</p>
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Prokaryotic organisms

Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm (bacteria example of prokaryotic)

<p>Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm (bacteria example of prokaryotic)</p>
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Translation

changes mRNA into amino acids to make a protein.

<p>changes mRNA into amino acids to make a protein.</p>
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Translation occurs in the_________.

Ribosome

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mRNA is read in ___________.

codons

<p>codons</p>
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Codon

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

<p>three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid</p>
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peptide bond

covalent bond formed between amino acids

<p>covalent bond formed between amino acids</p>
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Genetic code is

Found as codons in the mRNA.

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rRNA

ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome