Principles of Biotechnology (생명 기술의 원리)

Comprehensive question-and-answer flashcards reviewing the principles, procedures, and applications of biotechnology techniques including gene recombination, nuclear transfer, and tissue culture.

What are the three widely used biotechnology techniques introduced in the text?

Gene recombination technology (유전자 재조합 기술), nuclear transfer technology (핵 치환 기술), and tissue culture technology (조직 배양 기술).

What is gene recombination technology (유전자 재조합 기술)?

A technique in which part of an organism's gene is cut out and a useful gene from another organism is combined in its place.

What is gene recombination technology primarily used to create?

Genetically modified animals and plants (유전자 변형 동식물).

What are the sequential steps of gene recombination technology shown in the diagram?

1. Cut out a portion of an organism's gene.
2. Cut out a gene segment with the desired function from another organism.
3. Connect and recombine the two segments.

What is nuclear transfer technology (핵 치환 기술)?

A technology in which the cell nucleus is extracted from an organism to be cloned and transplanted into another animal (egg cell) to produce superior breeds.

What are the main applications of nuclear transfer technology?

Cloning superior animals, endangered species, and laboratory/experimental animals.

What must be done to the recipient egg cell prior to nuclear transplantation in nuclear transfer technology?

Its cell nucleus must be removed (난자에서 세포핵을 제거한다).

Why is an electric stimulus applied after transplanting the nucleus in nuclear transfer technology?

To stimulate cell division to occur (세포 분열이 일어나도록 전기 자극을 준다).

Where is the reconstructed embryo implanted in the nuclear transfer process of animal cloning?

Into the surrogate mother's uterus (대리모의 자궁에 착상한다).

What is tissue culture technology (조직 배양 기술)?

A technology where a portion of an organism's cells or tissues is excised and induced to differentiate and proliferate in an artificial environment.

What are the applications of tissue culture technology mentioned in the text?

Diagnosing seed diseases and producing rare seeds.

In the tissue culture example using a carrot, what are the steps from sample collection to full growth?

1. Collect tissue from the carrot root.
2. Culture it in a culture solution until it develops into young cells/plantlets, then transplant it into the soil.
3. It grows into a complete plant.