Thorax Anatomy: Landmarks, Osteology, Muscles, and Innervation
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18 Terms
What are the divisions of the thorax?
pleural cavities and the mediastinum
What is the pleural cavity?
the space between the pleurae of the lungs, containing pleural fluid that reduces friction during breathing.
What is the mediastinum?
The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, containing the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, and other structures.
What is the rib cage?
bony structure formed by the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae that protects the thoracic organs
What is the manubrium?
The manubrium is the upper part of the sternum, connecting to the first rib and clavicles.
What is the xiphoid process?
the small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum
What are thoracic vertebrae?
twelve vertebrae in the middle segment of the vertebral column, each attached to a pair of ribs.
What is costal cartilage?
Cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum, allowing for flexibility and movement of rib cage
What is the retromammary space?
The retromammary space is the area between the breast tissue and the underlying pectoralis major muscle.
What are lactiferous ducts?
ducts that carry milk from the lobules of the breast to the nipple.
What is the pectoralis major muscle?
large muscle in the chest that is responsible for movement of the shoulder joint
What is the function of the diaphragm?
separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity, allows for inspiration and expiration
What is the innervation of the diaphragm?
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5.
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
The costodiaphragmatic recess is a potential space between the diaphragm and the ribs that can accommodate lung expansion.
What are the intercostal muscles?
The intercostal muscles are muscles located between the ribs that assist in the mechanics of breathing.
What are the types of intercostal muscles?
external, internal, innermost
What is the function of external intercostal muscle?
elevating the ribs during inhalation
What is the internal intercostal muscle function?
depress ribs during forced exhalation