Bronze/Iron Age

Asbestos

Mineral fiber, made fireproof cloth

Mineralization

Iron corrosion replaces cloth and leaves a hard impression

scales

tiny surface scales on animal fibers; heat opens them and moisture plus movement locks them together to make felt

wool felt

nonwoven fabric of unspun wool matted by heat, moisture, and pressure.

nomadism

moving between camps instead of living in one place

Pastoralism

Making a living by herding animals such as sheep and horses

yurt

Portable felt-covered tent of Central Asian nomads

Tapa (Bark Cloth)

Nonwoven cloth made by soaking inner tree bark and beating it flat

Bread Fruit Tree bark

Bark source for tapa such as Samoan siapo

Mulberry Tree Bark

Bark source for tapa such as Fijian masi kesa

Masi Kesa

decorated Fijian bark cloth made from mulberry bark.

Ike

the wooden beater used to pound bark into sheets

Kupesi

design board rubbed with dye to transfer a pattern onto bark cloth

Fiber

Cellulose = Plant

Protein = Animal

Mineral = asbestos