Unit 4 Facts and terms list

Mr. Richins - IB HOA APUSH

Erie Canal

Opened in 1825, linking New York to western markets and increasing trade. Started replacing railroads in 1830s. Greatest construction project at the time. 7 years to fully pay off.

Nativism

Defense of native-born people combined with hostility toward immigrants and immigration.

Know-Nothings

An anti-immigrant political movement that opposed Catholics and immigrants holding public office.

Factory system

Production shifted from homes to central workplaces where owners supplied tools.

Lowell and Waltham system

Textile factories recruited young women, many of them farmers' daughters.

Shanty Irish

A disparaging label for Irish immigrants whose low wages forced them into poor housing.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

An 1842 Massachusetts ruling declared unions lawful and strikes legal.

Cult of Domesticity

A belief that women should primarily uphold domestic virtues within the home.

King Cotton

Cotton dominated Southern agriculture and became two-thirds of American exports by the Civil War.

Peculiar institution

A term white Southerners used to describe slavery as distinctive to their society.

Task system

Enslaved workers could use the remaining day as their own after completing assigned tasks.

Gang system

Enslaved people worked in supervised groups for hours determined by an overseer.

Gabriel Prosser

Planned an 1800 uprising near Richmond that was exposed before it began. Made south paranoid of uprising.

Denmark Vesey

A free Black Charleston resident who prepared a planned revolt in 1822.

Nat Turner

An enslaved preacher who led an 1831 revolt in Southampton County, Virginia (only successful revolt in 19th century). Led to Gag Rule.

Abolitionists

Reformers who sought to end slavery; Garrison's supporters demanded immediate abolition (Fredrick Douglas, Harriet tubman).

Seneca Falls Convention

An 1848 women's rights convention in New York drafted the Declaration of Sentiments. Modeled Declaration of independence that demanded voting rights.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A leading transcendentalist who wrote Self-Reliance and delivered The American Scholar.

Henry David Thoreau

A transcendentalist who wrote Walden about his time living at Walden Pond. Also wrote Civil Disobedience.

Robert Owen

A Scottish industrialist who founded New Harmony as an experimental cooperative community.

Mormons

A religious movement founded by Joseph Smith in upstate New York.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement emphasizing emotional preaching, free will, and individual salvation. Increased Methodist and Baptist movements.

Charles Grandison Finney

A Presbyterian revivalist who preached that everyone had the capacity for spiritual rebirth.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A women's rights pioneer who helped draft and read the Declaration of Sentiments. Apart of the National Women's Loyal League.

Transcendentalism

The individual's ability to grasp beauty and truth through instincts and emotions; distinction between reason and understanding.

American Colonization Society

An organization founded in 1817 that promoted gradual emancipation and resettlement in Africa.

William Lloyd Garrison

An abolitionist who founded The Liberator and demanded immediate abolition and citizenship rights.

Frederick Douglass

An escaped enslaved person who became an abolitionist leader and founded The North Star.

Underground Railroad

A network that helped people escaping slavery find refuge in the North or Canada. Harriet Tubman was a prominent figure in the railroad.

Free Soil movement

A movement opposing slavery's expansion into western lands, while favoring land for white settlers.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe's influential antislavery novel, published in 1851-52.