Foundations of Health- History of Health, Health Promotion, Disease and Injury

How much has the average lifespan of Canadians increased since the 1900s

30 years (25 because of advances in public health)

12 Health Achievements

-Control of infectious diseases

-Safer workplaces

-Motor vehicle safety

-Safer and healthier food

-Decline in deaths from cardiovasc. diseases

-Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard

-Healthier mothers and babies

-Universal policies( benefits awarded to certain groups)

-Family planning

-Healthier environments

-Vaccination

-Acting on social determinants of health

Why may CVD rates rise again in the future?

Increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes.

When is it most healthy to have a child

Once the mother is at least 18 years old and waiting 2 years after birth to conceive the next child

What do universal policies apply to

Benefits awarded solely on age, residence or citizenship. Not including income. Different from universal programs.

Acting on Social Determinants of Health + examples

Recognition that health is influenced by things such as income, education, early development and social connections

examples: Family allowance programs, unemployment, 1986 International Conference on Health Promotion, supervised injection site in vancouver

Physical and social determinants of health

Income/ social status

Education and literacy

Unemployment, job security

Early Childhood Development

Physical Environments

Health Services

Gender

Culture, race, racism

Social Environments (social exclusion, disabilities)

How does WHO (world health organization) define Social Determinants of Health

The conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, as well as the wider set of forces shaping the conditions of daily life

What ages are most impactful for development

0-6 years

Concerns with child nutrition

Less than 70% ages 4-8 eat recommended amount of fruits and veggies. Childhood obesity is a major concern.

Environmental determinants of health

Geography, housing, food security

Drinking water, fresh air, clean soil (for food)

Primary health care

Whole-of-society approach to health that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being.

-Distributed equitably

-Focuses on people’s needs as early as possible

along the continuum from health promotion and disease

prevention to treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. It

should also be as close as feasible to people’s everyday

environment.

How does gender determine health

Gender stereotypes

-Females may have less money and increased depression and stress

-Makes have increased social exclusion and die prematurely

Culture, race and racism (determinants of health)

Racism, systemic racism (policies, laws, regulations, colonialism), racialization (seen as belonging to a particular race)

What makes you sick?

50% your life

25% your healthcare (system, access, wait times)

15% your biology (genetics)

10% your environment

Prerequisites for health based on Ottawa Charter

Peace, educcation, shelter, food, income, ecosystem and resources with a focus on Social Justice and Equity

Health inequity

Puts those already at a disadvantage at a further disadvantage

-ex. poverty, prejudice, rural communities, polluted environments, lack of education

Social Justice

Rooted in social responsibility and fairness

-focused on social advantages of groups over others

-Examines root causes of inequities and how to eliminate them

Health promotion vs disease prevention

Different, but related. Health promotion is broader than disease prevention.

Health promotion- increase well-being and self-actualization.

-Emphasizes participation, equity, empowerment

-Focus is on community development and policies, looking beyond individual health.

-The Ottawa Charter sees health promotion as overarching and enabling

5 strategies identified in Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

-Build healthy public plicy

-Create supportive environments

-Strengthen community action

-Develop personal skills

-Reorient health services

Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary disease prevention

Primary: Prevent disease/injury before in occurs

Secondary: Reduce impact of disease/injury which has already occurred. -Includes early detection

Tertiary: Management of illness/injury with LONG-TERM effects