Urban issues and challenges - intro

urban

towns, cities, built up areas

urbanisation

Increase in the proportion of the countries population living in towns and cities

urban sprawl

towns/cities/buildings spreading into the countryside

around 80%...

...of people who live in the UK live in a town/city

world population growth:

1800-

1990-

now-

predicted 2050-

1 billion

6 billion

8.2 billion

estimated 9.5 billion

global pattern of urban change

-rapid in LICs and NEEs (e.g. Tropical Africa, the Middle East and Asia)

-slow/not at all in HICs (e.g. Japan, europe)

distribution of the world's population

-largest growth by 2050 in India, Nigeria and China

-will account for around 37% of the projected pop. growth 2014-50

-by 2050: india is predicted to add 404 million urban dwellers, China 292 million and Nigeria 212 million

over _____ of the population...

by 2050 this will be...

-1/2, live in towns and cities

-2/3

HIC urban trends

-80% live in a town/city

-most cities growing slowly

LIC urban trends

-20-50% live in a town/city

-most cities growing fast

Rural-urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to a town/city

Push Factors

real/imagined disadvantages of living in a rural area

Pull Factors

real/imagined advantages of living in a rural area

examples of push factors

bad housing, poor harvests, basic education, remote, old, poverty

examples of pull factors

money, jobs, schools, wealth, food, entertainment, houses

factors affecting the rate of urbanisation

-Rural-urban migration

-natural increase (birth rate > death rate)

IMAGINE A BATH

bathwater-

tap-

shower-

plughole-

leak-

population of a city

birth rate (pop. inc.)

rural-urban migration (pop. inc.)

death rate (pop. inc.)

people moving out (pop. inc.)

megacity

urban area with a population of more than 10 million

in ____ there were ______ megacities.

By ______ there will be ______ (most in ____)

2014, 28

2030, 41, Asia