TOEIC High-Frequency Vocabulary and Expressions

Vocabulary flashcards covering key TOEIC terms, definitions, common grammatical structures, and collocations from pages 1 through 10 of the lecture notes.

a few

一些

abruptly

突然；出其不意=suddenly

adversely

不利地

aim

To target or intend to achieve something; commonly structured as 'aim to-V' or in the noun phrase 'The aim/purpose/goal/objective is to-V'.

alleviate

To relieve, lighten, or make less severe (e.g., 'alleviate pain' or 'alleviate symptoms'); derived from the root 'lev', meaning light.

alternative

Available as another possibility or choice (adjective); or a different option or solution replacing a current plan (noun, often paired with 'to').

amenity

A useful or desirable feature or facility of a property, such as hotel fitness centers or in-room conveniences like complimentary coffee and shampoo.

applause

Approval or praise expressed by clapping, frequently modified as 'thunderous applause' or 'enthusiastic applause'.

assure

To promise or positively guarantee someone that something is certain or safe (pattern: 'assure someone that S + V').

benefits package

A comprehensive bundle of non-wage compensations and programs provided to employees by a company.

boost

To raise, stimulate, or increase something significantly, such as sales figures.

common

Shared by two or more people (as in 'have something in common with'), or occurring frequently and regarded as ordinary.

complimentary

Provided free of charge as a courtesy or service (e.g., 'complimentary breakfast' or 'complimentary tickets'); can also mean expressing praise.

curriculum vitae (CV)

A detailed, long-format resume of academic and professional qualifications, commonly used in the UK.

depending on

Determined by or contingent upon specific circumstances or conditions (e.g., 'depending on the weather').

deposit

To put money into a bank or savings account (antonym of 'withdraw money').

designated driver

A person chosen within a group who abstains from drinking alcohol in order to drive companions home safely.

determine

To ascertain or discover the exact cause or facts of a situation, or to establish whether something is feasible.

dip (verb)

To briefly immerse an object into a liquid (e.g., dipping a brush in a can of paint).

dip (noun)

A noticeable, usually temporary decrease or drop in amount or level (e.g., 'a dip in sales').

discipline

A field of study or branch of science (noun); self-control and adherence to rules (noun); or to train and enforce obedience (verb).

enable

To provide someone or something with the means, authority, or opportunity to do something (pattern: 'enable + object + to-V').

expose

To introduce someone to new ideas, cultures, or experiences (pattern: 'expose A to B'; noun form: 'exposure to').

fad

A short-lived, passing craze or temporary trend (antonyms: 'classic', 'tradition').

focus

To direct attention or effort toward a particular subject or goal (typically paired with the preposition 'on').

hearty

Abundant, wholesome, and substantial, especially when describing a large meal (e.g., 'a hearty breakfast').

land (verb)

To successfully secure, obtain, or achieve something desired, particularly a job ('land a job').

leading

Most important, prominent, or successful in a given field (e.g., 'a leading expert').

likely

Probable or reasonably expected to happen (e.g., 'a likely outcome' or 'likely to rain').

limited

Restricted in amount, capacity, or duration (e.g., 'limited space' or 'limited time').

lingering

Continuing or remaining persistent for a long time, such as unresolved doubts or impressions (e.g., 'lingering doubts').

locally

Within a particular neighborhood or geographic area (e.g., 'locally sourced' or grown locally).

markdown

A reduction in the regular selling price of retail goods.

nursery

A commercial place where young plants, trees, and shrubs are grown and sold (a plant nursery).

on a regular basis

Happening at recurring, consistent intervals; regularly.

pollutant

A harmful substance or contaminant that creates pollution in the environment (a countable noun, unlike 'pollution').

proceed

To continue forward with an action or task ('proceed with') or move in a direction toward a place ('proceed to').

referral

An official act of recommending or directing someone to a job, person, or service (e.g., getting hired through a referral).

regular (noun)

A loyal customer who frequents an establishment on a habitual basis (short for 'regular customer').

respective

Relating separately to each of the several individuals or things mentioned (e.g., returning to 'respective homes' or 'respective classrooms').

respectively

In the order given for each individual or item separately.

risky

Involving high danger, potential loss, or uncertainty (the related verb 'risk' is followed by a gerund).

serve as

To work or function in a designated role or temporary capacity (e.g., 'serve as a mentor' or 'serve as interim manager').

set to hit store shelves

An idiomatic phrase meaning scheduled or expected to arrive at retail stores for public sale.

shift

To move, redirect, or change position or focus (verb); or a scheduled period of work or change in strategy (noun, as in 'shift supervisor').

simultaneously

Operating, existing, or taking place at the exact same time as something else.

streamline

To make operations, procedures, or organizations more efficient and cost-effective by simplifying processes.

be subject to

Likely to experience, undergo, or be affected by something; requires a noun as the object (e.g., 'subject to change').

tailored

Customized, adapted, or specially crafted to suit individual needs or requirements.

tend

To care for or look after someone or something ('tend to + noun'); or to be inclined to act in a certain way ('tend to + verb').

timely

Happening or executed at a well-chosen, suitable, or opportune moment (an adjective despite ending in '-ly').

underwrite

To support financially or approve financial backing and liability for an organization, startup, or project.

until further notice

Continuing indefinitely until a new announcement, change, or update is officially provided.

versatile

Capable of turning easily from one task to another, or having many different functions and uses.

waive

To voluntarily give up, relinquish, or cancel a fee, claim, rule, or requirement (e.g., 'waive the late fee').

window

A specific, limited timeframe or designated interval during which an action must take place (e.g., 'registration window' or 'submission window').