Earthquakes

Fault slips, hypocenters,and epicenters

An earthquake occurs when a fault slips.. during which energy is now radiating out of the hypocenter and the epicenter sits right at the surface of it

4 types of Seismic Waves

P (compression) → fastest. travels through solids, liquids and gases

S (shear) → slower, travels through solids only

Rayleigh wave → moves like an ocean wave

Love wave → wave moves side to side

Seismographs and seismograms

These are ways we record earthquakes

Seismographs track ground motions

Seismogram is the graph that is recorded

Magnitude, intensity, and wave amplitude

Intensity; tracks shaking and damage

Magnitude; tracks amplitude and size

Intraplate earthquakes

Earthquakes that form away from plate boundaries → occur from ancient weakness and regional stress

Liquefaction and ground conditions

Loose sediment often becomes saturated with water, and leads to more quake damage

Tsunamis, seafloor movement, and megathrust earthquakes

Tsunamis → are caused by rapid displacement of the sea floor