Amino Acid Structures and Classifications

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A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering all 20 standard amino acids, including their 3-letter codes, 1-letter codes, chemical structures, and physical classifications.

20 Terms

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Glycine (Gly/G)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a single hydrogen atom (HH) as its side chain.

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Alanine (Ala/A)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a methyl group (−CH3-CH_3) as its side chain.

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Valine (Val/V)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a −CH(CH3)2-CH(CH_3)_2 side chain.

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Leucine (Leu/L)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a −CH2−CH(CH3)2-CH_2-CH(CH_3)_2 side chain.

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Isoleucine (Ile/I)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a −CH(CH3)−CH2−CH3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3 side chain.

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Serine (Ser/S)

A polar (P) hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−OH-CH_2-OH side chain.

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Threonine (Thr/T)

A polar (P) hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH(OH)−CH3-CH(OH)-CH_3 side chain.

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Cysteine (Cys/C)

A polar (P) hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−SH-CH_2-SH side chain that forms disulfide bridges when oxidized.

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Methionine (Met/M)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a −CH2−CH2−S−CH3-CH_2-CH_2-S-CH_3 side chain.

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Aspartate (Asp/D)

An acidic, charged hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−COO−-CH_2-COO^- side chain.

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Glutamate (Glu/E)

An acidic, charged hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−CH2−COO−-CH_2-CH_2-COO^- side chain.

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Asparagine (Asn/N)

A polar (P) hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−C(=O)NH2-CH_2-C(=O)NH_2 side chain.

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Glutamine (Gln/Q)

A polar (P) hydrophilic amino acid with a −CH2−CH2−C(=O)NH2-CH_2-CH_2-C(=O)NH_2 side chain.

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Lysine (Lys/K)

A basic, charged hydrophilic amino acid at pH>7pH > 7 with a −CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−NH3+-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH_3^+ side chain.

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Arginine (Arg/R)

A basic, charged hydrophilic amino acid with a side chain ending in −CH2−CH2−CH2−NH−C(=NH2+)−NH2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH-C(=NH_2^+)-NH_2.

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Phenylalanine (Phe/F)

An aromatic, nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid with a −CH2−C6H5-CH_2-C_6H_5 side chain.

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Tyrosine (Tyr/Y)

An aromatic hydrophilic amino acid containing a nonpolar aromatic ring attached to a polar −OH-OH group (−CH2−C6H4−OH-CH_2-C_6H_4-OH).

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Proline (Pro/P)

A nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid that is heterocyclic, cyclic, and explicitly categorized as NOT AROMATIC.

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Histidine (His/H)

A basic, charged hydrophilic amino acid that is aromatic and heterocyclic, containing a 5-membered ring with nitrogen atoms.

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Tryptophan (Trp/W)

An aromatic, nonpolar (NP) hydrophobic amino acid that is heterocyclic, featuring an indole ring system attached to −CH2−-CH_2-.