Emergency Drugs

What are the different types of emergency situations that you may encounter in dental office? (4)

- lost or altered consciousness

- respiratory emergencies

- cardiovascular emergencies

- drug-related emergencies

Do all emergency situations require drug treatments?

no, some are short of self-limiting and don't require drugs

If you're unsure whether or not to administer a drug in an emergency situation, what is the right thing to do?

if in doubt, the drug should not be given

What is Trendelenburg position?

putting the patient's head below the level of their heart and turned on one side

What are the signs of hypoglycemia? (name 4)

- rapid pulse

- decreased respiration, very talkative

- hunger, dizziness, weakness

- occasionally tremor of the hands

diaphoresis: excessive sweating

Define 'diaphoresis'

excessive sweating

What are two treatments for hypoglycemia?

ealry sings and then for unconscious and has no swallowing reflex:

1. early signs:

- sugary drink or oral glucose

2. unconscious and has no swallowing reflex:

- intravenous dextrose

What type of seizures require drug therapy? and whats the name of the drug

status epilepticus requires diazepam

What is the drug of choice for sudden asthma attacks in dental office?

What receptor does it activate and where is the receptor mainly located?

albuterol inhalers

β2-agonists in the lungs

What are the signs of anaphylactic shock? (3)

What product (name) should be used?

Where should it be administered? (5 IN otla)

weak,

rapid pulse

and profound decrease in blood pressure

Diphenhydramine (EpiPen) w/epinephrine should be administered to deltoid muscle or injected under the tongue

What is the Heimlich maneuver for?

acute airway obstruction

What is the drug of choice for angina pectoris?

Sublingual nitroglycerin

What are the treatments for acute myocardial infarction (MI)? (4)

1. Oxygen

2. aspirin tablet

3. opioid analgesic

4. transfer to hospital

What does AED stand for? And when is it used?

automated external defibrillator (AED)

used for sudden circulatory and respiratory collapse

Besides being the choice of drug for local

anesthesia, what kind of effect does lidocaine have on the heart?

its a Class 1 anti-arrhythmic

the name of level 1 durgs in dnetal emergecy kit (5)

epinephrine,

nitroglycerin,

glucose,

benadryl,

albuterol

& oxygen

the name of level 2 durgs in dnetal emergecy kit (3)

- benzodiazepines, morphine & hydrocortisone

the name of other durgs in dnetal emergecy kit

- narloxone (narcan) & flumazenil (romazicon)

What is the name of the antidote for benzodiazepine (overdose)?

flumazenil

What potential effects would it have on patients who have been taking benzo's long-term?

could lead to withdrawal symptoms: seizures, CNS effects etc

What are the benzodiazepines that are commonly used for seizures? (2)

diazepam(valium) & midazolam (versed)

Should all seizure patients be treated with benzodiazepines?

no, not used when seizures are short or self-limiting