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appear before a court
xuất hiện/hầu tòa
Example: The defendant appeared before a court on Monday.
stand trial for an offence
bị đưa ra xét xử vì một hành vi phạm tội
Example: The accused stood trial for armed robbery.
plead guilty or not guilty
nhận tội hoặc không nhận tội
Example: The defendant was asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
give evidence under oath
cung cấp lời khai sau khi tuyên thệ
Example: The witness gave evidence under oath.
present evidence to the court
trình chứng cứ trước tòa
Example: Both sides presented evidence to the court.
challenge the evidence
phản bác chứng cứ
Example: The defence lawyer challenged the evidence presented by the prosecution.
examine a witness
thẩm vấn nhân chứng
Example: The prosecution examined its first witness.
cross-examine a witness
đối chất/thẩm vấn chéo nhân chứng
Example: The defence was allowed to cross-examine the witness.
call an expert witness
triệu tập nhân chứng chuyên gia
Example: The court called an expert witness in forensic medicine.
submit documentary evidence
đệ trình chứng cứ tài liệu
Example: The prosecution submitted documentary evidence.
meet with both lawyers beforehand
gặp cả hai luật sư trước đó
Example: The judge may meet with both lawyers beforehand.
be determined by mutual consent
được xác định bằng sự đồng thuận chung
Example: The contents of the summary may be determined by mutual consent.
sum up the case
tổng kết vụ án
Example: The judge will sum up the case after all evidence has been heard.
split the summing-up into two sections
chia phần tổng kết thành hai phần
Example: The judge may split the summing-up into two sections.
outline the relevant legal procedure
trình bày khái quát thủ tục pháp lý liên quan
Example: The judge first outlines the relevant legal procedure.
clarify the charge against the defendant
làm rõ cáo buộc đối với bị cáo
Example: The legal section clarifies the charge against the defendant.
explain what has to be proven
giải thích điều gì phải được chứng minh
Example: The judge explains what has to be proven by the prosecution.
respect the confidentiality of the case
tôn trọng tính bảo mật của vụ án
Example: Jurors may be instructed to respect the confidentiality of the case.
give an impartial summary of the evidence
đưa ra bản tổng kết chứng cứ khách quan
Example: The judge must give an impartial summary of the evidence.
remind the jury of the essential facts
nhắc bồi thẩm đoàn về các tình tiết thiết yếu
Example: The summary reminds the jury of the essential facts.
reach a unanimous verdict
đạt được phán quyết nhất trí
Example: The jury was asked to reach a unanimous verdict.
retire to consider the decision
rút vào phòng nghị án để cân nhắc quyết định
Example: The jury retired to consider its decision.
issue written guidance to the jury
ban hành hướng dẫn bằng văn bản cho bồi thẩm đoàn
Example: In a complex case, the judge may issue written guidance to the jury.
follow a route to verdict
làm theo lộ trình đi đến phán quyết
Example: Jurors may receive a document called a route to verdict.
prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt
chứng minh cáo buộc vượt quá nghi ngờ hợp lý
Example: The prosecution must prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt.