Ukrainian Participles and Adverbial Participles Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, formation rules, syntactic constraints, and normative replacements for Ukrainian participles and adverbial participles.

Дієприкметник (Participle)

A special form of the verb that expresses an attribute of an object based on an action or state, answering the question "який?" (e.g., "написаний", "вивчений", "розквітлий").

Активні дієприкметники (Active Participles)

Participles where the object itself performs the action (e.g., "терпляча бабуся", "зів'яле листя", "замерзлий ставок").

Пасивні дієприкметники (Passive Participles)

Participles where the action is performed on the object by an outside agent (e.g., "написаний лист", "побілена стіна", "розбита ваза").

Non-normative Present Active Participle Suffixes

The suffixes "-уч-", "-юч-", "-ач-", and "-яч-", which are predominantly non-normative in Ukrainian and must be replaced by nouns, adjectives, or descriptive clauses.

Non-normative Past Active Participle Suffixes

The suffixes "-ш-" and "-вш-", which are never used to form active participles in Ukrainian (e.g., "посинівші губи" must be replaced with "посинілі губи").

Дієприкметниковий зворот (Participial Phrase)

A syntactic construction consisting of a participle together with its dependent words (e.g., "посивілий давно" in "Дідусь, посивілий давно, усміхався мені").

Clause Replacement Rule for Participles

A subordinate clause can be replaced by a participial phrase if the action is passive, but cannot be replaced if it produces an active participle with non-normative suffixes like "-уч-" or "-юч-".

Дієприслівник (Adverbial Participle / Gerund)

A special invariable form of the verb that denotes an additional action and answers the questions "що роблячи?" or "що зробивши?".

Adverbial Participle Suffixes

The grammatical suffixes used to derive adverbial participles: "-учи", "-ючи", "-ачи", "-ячи", "-ши", and "-вши" (e.g., "крокуючи", "лежачи", "прочитавши", "бігши").

Дієприслівниковий зворот (Adverbial Participial Phrase)

A syntactic construction formed by an adverbial participle combined with its dependent words (e.g., "укрившись місячною попоною" in "Озеро спить, укрившись місячною попоною").

Subject Agreement Rule for Adverbial Participles

The grammatical requirement that an adverbial participial phrase must strictly refer to the grammatical subject of the main clause, which must perform both the main and the secondary action.

Impersonal Sentence Restriction for Adverbial Participles

The syntactic constraint stating that impersonal sentences cannot contain an adverbial participial phrase (e.g., "Перебуваючи в Римі, мені хочеться…" is incorrect; it must be "Перебуваючи в Римі, я хочу…").

Definite-Personal Sentences with Adverbial Participles

Sentences where the subject is omitted but clearly identifiable from context (such as "ми" in "Ліплячи вареники, часто жартуємо"), making the use of an adverbial participial phrase fully normative.

Replacement for "бажаючий"

The normative Ukrainian adjective "охочий".

Replacement for "виконуючий"

The normative Ukrainian noun "виконувач".

Replacement for "відпочиваючий"

The normative Ukrainian noun "відпочивальник".

Replacement for "віруючий"

The normative Ukrainian noun "вірянин".

Replacement for "знаючий"

The normative Ukrainian noun "знавець".

Replacement for "завідуючий"

The normative Ukrainian noun "завідувач".

Replacement for "захоплюючий"

The normative Ukrainian adjective "захопливий".

Replacement for "діючі закони"

The normative Ukrainian expression "чинні закони".

Replacement for "миючі засоби"

The normative Ukrainian expression "мийні засоби".

Replacement for "хвилюючий"

The normative Ukrainian adjective "зворушливий".

Replacement for "бувший учень"

The normative Ukrainian expression "колишній учень".

Imperfective Adverbial Participle Formation Error

The error of deriving adverbial participles from imperfective verbs using perfective past suffixes, such as "складати" $\rightarrow$ "склавши" (should be "складаючи") or "знати" $\rightarrow$ "знавши" (should be "знаючи").

Normative Participial Collocations (Radzikhovska Tasks)

Collocations that do not require editing because they use correct passive or active "-л-" participles, such as "прооперований пацієнт", "пожовкле листя", "опале листя", "вимитий посуд", and "скошена трава".