Energy Systems and Interplay

Vocabulary flashcards covering the characteristics, fuel sources, rates, yields, and interplay response requirements of the three human energy systems.

Energy System Interplay

The concept that all three energy systems contribute to ATP production simultaneously throughout an activity, altering their relative contributions based on changes in exercise intensity and duration.

CP Restoration

The recovery process facilitated by the aerobic system and oxygen supply during periods of rest or lower intensity to replenish finite phosphocreatine stores.

ATP-CP System Fuel Source

Phosphocreatine (CP).

ATP-CP System Intensity

High intensity ($95\%$ Max HR).

ATP-CP System Duration and Main Usage

Short duration, consisting of $2\text{--}3\,\text{seconds}$ of stored ATP plus $6\text{--}8\,\text{seconds}$ from CP ($8\text{--}10\,\text{seconds}$ total).

ATP-CP System Peak Power

$2\text{--}4\,\text{seconds}$.

ATP-CP System Yield

$0.7\,\text{ATP}$ for every PC molecule.

ATP-CP System Rate

Fast/explosive speed of ATP production via simple chemical reactions.

ATP-CP System By-Products

Inorganic phosphate (creatine and phosphate) and ADP.

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Fuel Source

Glycogen (CHO).

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Intensity

High intensity ($85\text{--}95\%$ Max HR).

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Duration and Main Usage

Intermediate duration ($8/10\text{--}60/75\,\text{seconds}$).

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Peak Power

$5\text{--}15\,\text{seconds}$.

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Yield

$2\text{--}3\,\text{ATP}$ for every glucose molecule.

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Rate

Fast speed of ATP production involving longer chemical reactions to break down glycogen.

Anaerobic Glycolysis System By-Products

Lactic acid (Lactate and $H^+$ ions) and ADP.

Aerobic System Fuel Source

Rest: Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and Carbohydrates (CHO); Submaximal: CHO, Fats (when glycogen sparing or when stores are diminished), and Protein (during starvation, illness, or once other stores are depleted); Maximum intensities: CHO.

Aerobic System Intensity

Resting, low, and submaximal intensity ($<85\%$ max HR).

Aerobic System Duration and Main Usage

Long duration ($60/75+\,\text{seconds}$).

Aerobic System Peak Power

$70\text{--}90\,\text{seconds}$.

Aerobic System Yield

$38\,\text{ATP}$ per glucose molecule for carbohydrates (CHO); $441\,\text{ATP}$ per triglyceride molecule for fats.

Aerobic System Rate

Medium speed of ATP production due to complex chemical reactions, with fats being slower to resynthesise ATP than CHO.

Aerobic System By-Products

$CO_2$, Heat, and $H_2O$ (Water).

Oxygen Deficit

The period during exercise where oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply, resulting in finite energy production accompanied by lactate and $H^+$ accumulation via anaerobic glycolysis.