Cell Biology: Organelles and Cellular Structures

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards reviewing cellular structures, eukaryotic organelles, prokaryotes, and cell wall compositions across plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.

Nuclear membrane

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus with pores.

Cell membrane

A selectively permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoskeleton

A structure that supports cell shape and helps organelles move.

Vesicle

A membrane-bound sac that carries products from the ER to the Golgi.

Plant cell wall

A protective outer layer composed of cellulose.

Fungus cell wall

A protective outer layer made of chitin.

Extracellular matrix

Proteins located outside animal cells that assist with support, adhesion, and movement.

Nucleus

The center of the cell that contains most of the cell's DNA.

Mitochondria

The site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP/energy from sugar.

Chloroplast

A double membrane-surrounded organelle that carries out photosynthesis using light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.

Ribosomes

The cellular structures that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane channels with ribosomes attached that help make and transport proteins.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies and packages products from the ER into vesicles.

Lysosome

An organelle containing enzymes that digest food and worn-out cell parts.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound sac that stores water and dissolved nutrients.

Nucleolus

A structure inside the nucleus that makes and assembles ribosome components.

Chromatin

DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes.

Prokaryote Cell

A simple cell type with no nucleus, no organelles, DNA floating around, genetic material, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

Eukaryotic cells

Large and complex cells that contain a nucleus, can be unicellular, mostly reproduce sexually, and divide by mitosis.

Bacteria Cell

A prokaryotic cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and possessing a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.