diff kinds of linguistic models

significance of models in broader sense— r they fixed or able to be maleated

lots of models arent perfect— they just guide ur thinking towards phenomena and often need to be tweaked

word-onset cohort model

hearing /kaen/ briefly activates multiple diff words, competiton reduced as sound heard extends

visual word paradigm significance & example

listeners click on target word “field” while looking at 4 pictures— often look at “feet”, competition word more than unrelated words

significance of marian’s study on late russian-eng bilinguals & interlingual homophones & future implications:

brief looks to object whose name in other language sounds like the object

• evidence against “input switch” that turns one language off, BIA+ pov where nonselective language activation

Titone et al 2021— older listeners study on competiton

saw increased competition w/ age for within-language but saw no effect amongst cross-language condition

word associated model

L2 only connected to concepts thru L1 (need to go thru L1)

concept mediation model

L2 & L1 both separately connected/have access to concepts

distributed model

show diff spreading activation for concrete vs abstract translations

shared distributed asymmetrical model

represents that L1 & L2 shared concepts exist but also certain concepts only exist in L1 & L2 separately (Muxe in spanish)

trilingual modified hierarchical model

RVM but accounts for 3rd language

sense model

shows overlap of semantic meaning from L1 to L2 word— accounts for cognates & how cognates can have only cross-language for 1 meaning in other language

dynamic restructuring hypothesis/model

describes how brain changes w/ language acquisition— dependent on situation & language balance

— selective pruning & diff brain growth from studies proves difference in brain depending on situation/stage ur brain is in

inhibitory control model

suppress one language to use other, unlike BIA+ model where control is part of model alr

adaptive control hypothesis

diff language-use contexts create diff control demands

modified hierarchical model

model that demonstrates L1 & L2 share concepts completely, partially, and not at all sometimes