Abrahamic Religions Exam I

Tanakh

It is the thrity nine books of the jewish bible that contain all three sections

Torah

The first and main 5 books - the law

Nevi’um

The prophets - contains the messages of certain prophets as well as history books.

It points people back to the Torah

Ketuvim

The writings - poetry, literature, songs, history

It ends with the chronicles

Talmud

A collection of commentary, debate and intrepretation of Jewish law

It combines the Mishnah and the Gemara

Moses

He was the greatest of all prophets who freed the jewish slaves from Egypt

On Mt Sinai he recieved a new covenant from God where he told him the 10 commandments

Shema

The basic jewish prayer that Jews recited three times a day in a group of at least ten jews

YHWH

Tikkun Olam

Repairing the world - contributed to acts of social justice and improving the quality of human life

K’lal yisrael

The Jewish Community

Mikvah

A ritual cleansing (what you had to do with mom for your bat mitizvah)

Tefillin

Pouches that have passages of scripture that are strapped to the arm and forehead during weekday morning services

Fufills commandment to bind them to our hands and between our eyes

Circumcision

At 8 days old - an eternal covaent

Passover

Exodus from Egypt

Pharisees

A movement of Judaism that encompasses basically all the practices and beliefs that judaism has today

Minyan

A group of 10 people that is required for public worship

Kashrut

Keeping kosher

Abraham

The first jew and basically the dude who is the root of all the main three religions

Isaac

Abrahams second son, the father of jacob and a patricarch of Judaism

Nazareens

A sect of people who followed Jesus (Messiah) and adhered to jewish law

Canon

Authoritative texts for a community

Canonization

A process by which texts come to be seen as authoritative

They revere the scriptures

Jesus

Son of God/Messiah

Athanasius of Alexandria

Icthus

The fish thing that stands for Jesus, Christ, God, Son, Saviour

Trinity

The doctrine that there is one god who consists of three person’s - God, Son, and Holy Spirit (don’t question it)

Baptism

A religious rite of addmission into the church

Communion

Lord’s Supper

New Testament

A collection of 27 books that Christains added to the Hebrew Bible to convey their understanding and significance of Jesus

Gospels

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

History (Acts)

Letters

Apocalypse

Lord’s Prayer

Synopotic Gospels

Christmas & Easter

Birth of Jesus; Ressurection of Jesus

Muslim

Two different types - the Shia and the Sunni

Ishmael

The firstborn son or Abraham and the the ancestral patriarch of the Arab peoples from which Muhammad descended from

Muhammad

Final prophet of God - is credited with spreading Islam and

Al-Fatiha

The first and opening chapter of the Qu’ran

Also known as the opening

Surah & Ayah

• A is a chapter of the Quran

• An individual verse within that chapter

Hijrah

The journey that Muhammad and his followers made from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE to escape religious persecution

Five Pillars of Islam - Shahadah

There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet

Five Pillars of Islam - Salat

Praying five times daily

Five Pillars of Islam - Zakat

Giving charity to those in need

Five Pillars of Islam - Sawm

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

Five Pillars of Islam - Hajj

Making pilgrimage to Mecca

Six Articles of Faith

Belief in one God

Belief in Angels

Belief in the Holy Books

Belief in the Prophets

Belief in Day of Judgement

Belief in GOdo

Wudu/Ablutions

the procedure of washing body parts to achieve ritual purity before prayer or reading the Quran

Mecca

The birth place of Muhammad; the holiest city

Medina

The second holiest city; where Muhammad migrated to when facing religous persecution

Kaaba

The great Mosque, and the direction that all Muslims face when praying

Iman

Absolute faith, trust, and inner conviction in the spiritual truths of Islam

Ramadan

The ninth month in the Islam calander, observed by Muslims worldwide as a holy period of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community

Hadith

The traditions that record what Muhammad said and did

Eid al-adha

Religious festival - the Feast of the Sacrifice or the Greater Eid,

Eid al fitr

Marks the end of Ramadan

Mt Hira/Night of Power

Marks the time and location of when Muhammad recieved the first relevation of the Quran from the angel Gabriel

Ummah

Community

Dating System - Scholarly Dating

2026 CE (Common Era)

Uses BCE (Before the Common Era) and CE

Dating - Christian

2026 AD (the year after the birth of Jesus Christ)

From Jesus: Uses BC and AD

Dating - Judaism

5786 AM

Frrom creation of the world

Dating - Islam

1448 AH (year of Hijra)

From Hijra - uses BH/AH