Monomers and Polymers

99% of the human body is composed of which 6 different elements.. and the remaining 1%?

99% - Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium, Nitrogen, Oxygen.
1% - Potassium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Sodium, Sulphur

Molecule Nomenclature

Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Tetra-
Penta-
Hexa-
Hepta-
Octa-
Nona-
Deca-

Nucleotides ->
Sugars (mono saccharide)->
Amino acids ->
3 Fatty acid + 1 glycerol ->

DNA, RNA, (polynucleotides)
Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Proteins (polypeptide)
Lipids (glyceride)

Polymer

A large molecule made from many smaller, repeating units (monomers) bonded together.

Polymerisation

The chemical process that joins monomers to form a polymer.

Subunit

A smaller, single unit that forms part of a larger complex molecule.

Monomer

A small molecule that can join with others to form a polymer.

Condensation

A chemical reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing water as a by-product.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by adding water; commonly involved in breaking polymers into monomers.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Hydrogen bonding

A weak bond is formed when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to another slightly negative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule.

Carbohydrate

Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, typically used by organism as a source of energy.

Protein

Large complex molecules made up of amino acids that perform a wide range of functions in living organism, including: enzymes, muscles, antibodies, and some hormones.

Lipids

Organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; they include fats, oils and steroids, and serve as energy storage, insulation, and components of cell membranes.