LE 2 - axial skeleton: the skull

what are the two parts of the skeleton?

appendicular + axial

how many bones make up the adult skeleton?

206

what are the major parts of the appendicular skeleton?

• pectoral girdle

• upper limbs

• pelvic girdle

• lower limbs

how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126

what is a girdle?

an attachment pt

describe the axial skeleton.

• skull and associated bones

  • hyoid bone

  • auditory ossicles

• vertebral column

• thoracic cage

how many bones are in the axial skeleton?

80

every bone consists of a mixture of what two types of bone?

compact + spongy

in general, what part of the bone is compact vs spongy?

compact = outside

spongy = inside

define sutures.

joints that form along bone

• separate bone

define composite bone.

bone formed when other bones fuse tg

• ex: sternum, sacrum, coxal, pelvic girdle

define composite structure.

structure made up of more than one bone, but the bones are separated

define an articulation.

a joint; the place where two bones come tg

define a disarticulated bone.

a bone separated out from the other bones it normally interacts with

define a condyle.

a surface feature; smooth, rounded articulating surface

define a facet.

surface feature; smooth, flat articulating surface

define foramen.

hole / large opening

define foramina.

multiple holes

define meatus/canal.

a tunnel through a bone

• not just a hole; has an entrance + exit pt.

define process.

a branch that comes off a main part of a bone

define ramus.

a large branch

• ex: ramus of the mandible

define suture.

an articulation where cranial bones meet

we have ____ between sutures until the age of two.

fontanels

define sinus.

hollow pocket inside of bone

what are the four sinuses?

frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, ethmoidal

what is the only bone on the body that does not articulate with any other bone?

hyoid

what are the eight cranial bones of the articulated skull?

• frontal (1)

• parietal (2)

• occipital (1)

• temporal (2)

• sphenoid (1)

• ethmoid (1)

what are the 14 facial bones of the articulated skull?

• nasal (2)

• lacrimal (2)

• zygomatic (2)

• inferior nasal concha (2)

• palatine (2)

• vomer (1)

• maxilla (2)

• mandible (1)

what are the composite structures of the articulated skull?

• orbit 

• zygomatic arch

• nasal septum

• hard palate