26 Gilded Age

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical terms, industrial figures, labor movements, urban issues, and constitutional amendments from the Gilded Age review set.

Lack of sanitation

A major negative condition associated with urbanization during the Gilded Age.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that were created to establish and maintain power in society through racial segregation.

Pre-1870s Immigrant Origins

The regions where immigrants mainly came from up until the 1870s, specifically North and West Europe.

Ellis Island Exams

Inspection procedures at Ellis Island that took $3\text{--}7\text{ hours}$ to complete.

Immigration Push Factors

Negative conditions in home countries that forced immigrants to leave, including shortage of farmland and few educational opportunities.

John D. Rockefeller

The industrialist who led the oil industry and owned $90\%$ of the oil industry by the 1880s.

Social Darwinism

The idea that wealthy people are destined to survive.

Ellis Island

The primary entry point for immigration on the East Coast.

Transcontinental Railroad Impact

The expansion of transcontinental rail lines that resulted in the killing of bison.

Entrepreneurs

People who accept risk in starting a business.

Andrew Carnegie

The business leader associated with the rise of the steel industry.

Reconstruction

The historical period immediately following the Civil War.

13th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that established citizenship and guaranteed equal protection.

15th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ensuring that African-American males can vote.

Angel Island

The point of immigration entry on the West Coast.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Federal legislation that stopped immigration from China.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A terrible industrial incident in NYC where over $100$ people died.

Industrialization Labor Requirements

The expansion of manufacturing and industry that fundamentally needed workers.

Political Machine

An urban political organization defined by corruption, bribery, Boss Tweed, and Tammany Hall.

American Federation of Labor Goals

The primary objectives of the union, which included higher wages, better conditions, and benefits.

Immigration Pull Factors

Positive attractions drawing immigrants to the United States, including religious freedom, absence of war, greater economic opportunities, and affordable farmland.

Religious Prejudice (Gilded Age)

Widespread bias and hostility faced primarily by Jewish and Catholic immigrant communities.

Settlement House

A community center that provided neighborhood services and assistance to urban residents and immigrants.

Decline in Crop Prices

An economic hardship that drove people away from rural areas and into the cities.

Streetcars

The main form of urban transportation in 1880s cities.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court decision that established the legal doctrine of "separate but equal."

Problems with City Growth

Urban crises arising during rapid growth, including overcrowding and unhealthy living conditions.

Major Gilded Age Cities

The three prominent booming urban centers during the era: NYC, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

The Gilded Age

A historical era characterized by marked economic inequality, intense labor unrest, and high rates of immigration.

Labor Unions

Worker organizations formed for the purpose of improving working conditions and improving worker rights.

Second Wave Immigrants

The later influx of immigrants arriving from Eastern/Southern Europe and Asia.

Monopoly

A single seller or provider of a good or service in a market.

Haymarket Riot Results

The outcomes of the clash in Chicago that led to increased suspicion of unions and caused the public to associate unions with violence.

What is trust

A company managed by members of a board rather than by owners or stockholders

what are robber barons?

industrial list and businesses, magnifies who amassed, great wealth and power during the Gilded Age through ruthless and sometimes unethical business practices

what book is Upton Sinclair known for and what does the book highlight

Upton Sinclair is known for his book "The Jungle," which highlights the harsh conditions and exploitation in the meatpacking industry, as well as the unsanitary practices of the food processing sector.

laissez-faire economics

is an economic theory advocating minimal government intervention in the market, allowing supply and demand to regulate the economy.

what is the gospel of wealth

The Gospel of Wealth is a philosophical doctrine proposed by Andrew Carnegie, stating that wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to use their fortunes to promote the welfare and betterment of society.

what is the Homestead strike?

A major labor conflict between steel workers and the Carnegie steel company in Homestead, Pennsylvania because the company wanted to cut workers wages and workers protested

what are nativists

people who favored native born Americans over immigrants they believed immigrants, threatened American jobs, culture, religion, and traditions

what are tenements

they were crowded. Low-cost apartments were many poor immigrants lived with very poor living conditions.