History of Zimbabwe - Advanced Level Lecture Notes

Practice flashcards covering major themes and events from Zimbabwe's pre-colonial history, important figures, and the impact of colonialism.

There are three major sources used by historians in the reconstruction of pre-colonial history of Zimbabwe: __________, __________, and __________.

Oral tradition, written records, and archaeology.

Oral tradition is sometimes called __________ history.

unwritten history.

The __________ were the first known inhabitants of central and southern Africa, known as a Stone Age people.

San.

The oral tradition provides detailed information about __________ and __________ organizations, which cannot be easily provided by archaeology.

social and political.

The __________ state was founded by Nyatsimba Mutota who had migrated from Great Zimbabwe.

Mutapa.

Archaeology is helpful in generating knowledge about the __________ period in Zimbabwe.

Stone Age.

The __________ theory argues that the presence of European languages and artefacts in pre-colonial Zimbabwe is indicative of external influences.

Non-African.

The __________ theory suggests that Great Zimbabwe was built by local Africans, specifically the Shona.

African.

The __________ and __________ Act imposed taxes on the Ndebele and Shona, contributing to the 1896 uprisings.

1901 Master and Servant Ordinance and 1902 Pass Law.

__________ was a popular tactic used by the Ndebele against the Europeans, especially during the Anglo-Ndebele War.

Raiding.

In 1890, Cecil John Rhodes orchestrated the __________, leading to the official colonization of Zimbabwe.

Pioneer Column.

Nehanda and Kaguvi were important __________ who encouraged the Shona to fight during the 1896 resistance.

spirit mediums.

The __________ Act allocated a significant portion of land for white farmers while limiting access for African farmers.

1930 Land Apportionment.

The __________ was a series of uprisings by the Ndebele and Shona against British colonization, occurring from 1896 to 1897.

First Chimurenga.

The establishment of the BSAC coincided with the imposition of __________ on the African population, which was viewed as a method of exploitation.

forced labor.

The __________ Treaty signed by Lobengula with the British was crucial in giving Cecil Rhodes access to mineral rights in Zimbabwe.

Rudd.

The __________ system led to more Portuguese settlers in the Mutapa state, negatively impacting local economies and governance.

prazo.

The __________ state was described as a result of the tensions between newcomers and the traditional Ndebele authority, culminating in conflicts.

Ndebele.

The so-called __________ was characterized by attempts to manage tensions between local rulers and settlers, which ultimately failed.

partnership.

One of the pivotal moments of conflict was the killing of three peace emissaries sent by Lobengula, which prompted the British to respond aggressively, leading to war. These incidents are collectively known as the __________ incidents.

Victoria.

The __________ Act established land reserves for Africans, which were often unproductive and difficult to farm, exacerbating poverty among Africans.

1913 Land Act.

The __________ forced the Ndebele and Shona to provide labor for European farms and mines, intensifying tensions and resentment.

Labour Bureau of Southern Rhodesia.