BURNS - NERIA

what is a burn?

injuries of soft tissue that results from:

THERMAL HEAT, FRICTION HEAT, TOXIC CHEMICALS, ELECTRICITY, NUCLEAR RADIATION

what are the 3 layers of the skin?

epidermis (most superficial layer)

dermis (middle layer)

Subcutaneous (hypodermis) (deepest layer of the skin)

what are superficial burns?

burn to the epidermis

how can u differentiate superficial burns?

red, painful, skin = dry + blanchable

no blisters

ex.) sunburn

what are superficial partial thickness burns?

superficial partial thickness burns affect epidermis + upper dermis

skin = red, moist, weeping + blisters

what are deep partial thickness burns?

affects epidermis + deep dermis

skin = pale white, yellow, mottled red, dry/waxy

what are full thickness burns?

affect all three layers of the skin

skin = white, leathery, charred black/brown, dry + stiff, completely painless

what are circumferential burns?

a burn that encircles an entire part of the body

makes skin tighter

around chest = constricts breathing

what can circumferential burns cause and how to treat it

causes - compartment syndrome if it happens to an extremity

treated with escharotomy - intentional cut to alleviate tightness

what are 5 types of thermal burns, describe them:

flame: caused by open flame

scald: liquid, covers large surface

contact: direct contact w/ hot object, not normally deep b/c reflexes make u pull away

steam: hot steam

flash: explosion, quick contact with very intense heat

what is inhalation burn

burning that occurs in the airway, airway can be compromised

difference between thermal and chemical inhalation burn

thermal: upper airway

chemical: lower airway

treat w humidified O2

what are chemical burns

skin in contact w/ corrosive or chemical that is not compatible with the skin

what are electrical burns

burns when body comes in contact with electricity

entrance/exit wounds

what are radiation burns

exposure to radiation

HazMat!!!

PT can be contaminated w/ radiation

what is the rule of 9s

tool EMT use to quickly identify the % of body surface area that a burn takes up

what are the rule of nines for burns (#s)

entire head and neck - 9%

entire right arm - 9%

entire left arm - 9%

entire trunk - 36%

groin - 1%

entire right leg - 18%

entire left leg - 18%

what are ur rule of 9s for peds

head - 18%

each arm - 9% each

torso - 36%

legs - 14% each

for minor burns, what are the BSA %s?

minor:

superficial burns <50% BSA

partial-thickness burn <15% BSA

full thickness burn <2%

for moderate burns, what are the BSA %s?

superficial burns >50% BSA

partial thickness burns 15%-30% BSA

full thickness 2%-10% BSA (NOT INCLUDING HANDS, FEET, FACE, GENITALIA, UPPER AIRWAY)

for severe burns, what are the BSA %s?

Partial thickness burn >30%

full thickness burn >10%

any full thickness burn of: hands, feet, face, upper airway or genitalia

ANY full thickness CIRUMFERENTIAL burn

burns associated with respiratory system

burns complicated w/ fractures

burn on PT <5yo or >55yo that would be moderate

what are the burn severe BSA %s of pediatrics

mild: partial thickness burn <10% BSA

moderate burns: partial thickness burn from 10%-20% BSA

severe burns: ANY full thickness burn, OR partial thickness burn of >20% BSA