Geology Quiz 2 - Igneous Rocks

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Last updated 9:39 PM on 9/23/26
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29 Terms

1
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During the Rock Transformation Process what is Weathering?

Mechanical or chemical processes that break a larger rock into smaller pieces or its chemical components

2
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During the Rock Transformation Process what is Metamorphism?

Change that occurs in a rock due to extreme amounts of heat and/or pressure (NOT melting)

3
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During the Rock Transformation Process what is Melting?

When a rock becomes a liquid melt due to extreme heat

4
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During the Rock Transformation Process what is Recrystallization?

Formation of new minerals under conditions of extreme heat or pressure (happens during metamorphism)

5
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What is the difference between Magma and Lava?

Lava is magma that erupts from a volcano

  • Magma (inside the earth) and Lava (outside the earth)

  • They are the same thing it just depends on where they are located


6
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What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?

  • Intrusive

  • Extrusive


7
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What are Intrusive Rocks?

Form from magma cooling inside the earth

8
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What are Extrusive Rocks?

Form from lava cooling on the Earth’s surface

9
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Pegmatitic?

crystals are larger than 30 mm in size

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">crystals are larger than 30 mm in size</span></p>
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Phaneritic?

crystals are 1-30 mm in size

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">crystals are 1-30 mm in size</span></p>
11
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Aphanitic?

crystals are smaller than 1 mm in size (can’t see any crystals)

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">crystals are smaller than 1 mm in size </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: rgb(204, 1, 1);">(can’t see any crystals)</span></p>
12
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Porphyritic?

a combination of phaneritic and aphanitic texture (bigger crystals floating in crystals that you can’t see)

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">a combination of phaneritic and aphanitic texture </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: rgb(209, 0, 0);">(bigger crystals floating in crystals that you can’t see)</span></p>
13
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Glassy?

volcanic material that cools so fast the minerals can’t form (it looks smooth and glassy)

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">volcanic material that cools so fast the minerals can’t form </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: rgb(198, 0, 0);">(it looks smooth and glassy)</span></p>
14
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Vesicular?

contain many tiny holes resulting from volcanic gases escaping from cooling lava (looks like airy sponge)

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">contain many tiny holes resulting from volcanic gases escaping from cooling lava </span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color: rgb(215, 0, 0);">(looks like airy sponge)</span></p>
15
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Texture) - What is Pyroclastic?

contains fragments of broken volcanic rock because of explosive volcanism

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">contains fragments of broken volcanic rock because of explosive volcanism</span></p>
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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Composition) - What is Felsic?

Light colored

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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Composition) - What is Mafic?

Dark colored

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Identifying Igneous Rocks (Composition) - What is Intermediate?

Mix of both light and dark

19
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What are Dikes and Sills?

Are magmatic intrusions that follow cracks or openings in the rock

  • Dike – Vertical cracks in the crust

  • Sill – Horizonal cracks in the crust


<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">Are magmatic intrusions that follow cracks or openings in the rock</span></p><ul><li><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><strong>Dike</strong> – Vertical cracks in the crust </p></li><li><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><strong>Sill – </strong>Horizonal<strong> </strong>cracks<strong> </strong>in the crust</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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What are Plutons and Batholiths?

Are large magmatic bodies below the Earth’s surface

  • Plutons are smaller groups blobs of magma in the middle of the crust

  • Batholiths are larger blobs of magma that are near the bottom of the crust?


21
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What is Bowen’s Reaction Series?

The series of chemical reactions that occur in magma leading to crystallization

22
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Igneous Rocks - Granite

  • Felsic

  • Coarse

is commonly used for buildings, tombstones, monuments, statues, countertops, etc…

<ul><li><p>Felsic</p></li><li><p>Coarse</p></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">is commonly used for buildings, tombstones, monuments, statues, countertops, etc…</span></p>
23
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Igneous Rocks - Rhyolite

Felsic

Fine

<p>Felsic</p><p>Fine</p>
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Igneous Rocks - Diorite

Intrusive

Intermediate

<p>Intrusive</p><p>Intermediate</p>
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Igneous Rocks - Andesite

Intrusive

Intermediate

Fine


<p>Intrusive</p><p>Intermediate</p><p>Fine</p><p></p>
26
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Igneous Rocks - Gabbro

Intrusive

Mafic

<p>Intrusive</p><p>Mafic</p>
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Igneous Rocks - Basalt

Mafic

Fine

<p>Mafic</p><p>Fine</p>
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Igneous Rocks - Obsidian

Glassy

<p>Glassy</p>
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Igneous Rocks - Pumice

a lightweight vesicular rock that can float in water, is often used in pedicures

<p><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">a lightweight vesicular rock that can float in water, is often used in pedicures</span></p>