11: ADLs/IADLs

Dressing milestone: 1 Year

Demonstrates cooperation; pushes arms/legs through clothing and foot into shoe.

Dressing milestone: 2 Years

Doffs clothing, typically starting with removing pull-on items.

Dressing milestone: 3 Years

Dons clothing items, starting with easy pull-on items.

Dressing milestone: 4 Years

Masters clothing fasteners (unfastening achieved before fastening).

Dressing milestone: 6 Years

Masters shoe tying.

Average age of toilet training

27 months.

Toileting control sequence

Bladder control typically comes before bowel control due to frequency of need.

Key factor in toilet training readiness

Physiological readiness and sensory appreciation, NOT mobility or clothing management.

Backward Chaining

Therapist completes early steps; child learns and completes the final step.

Clinical advantage of Backward Chaining

Provides immediate reinforcement by allowing the child to complete the task.

Forward Chaining

Child learns the first step; therapist completes the remaining steps.

IADL milestone: 2-3 Years

Helps pick up toys with reminders.

IADL milestone: 5 Years

Makes bed, takes out trash, and puts dirty clothes in the hamper.

IADL milestone: 7-9 Years

Begins to make simple cold meals.

IADL milestone: 10-12 Years

Cooks simple hot meals.

IADL milestone: 13-14 Years

Does laundry.