HIST 101 First Exam Review Sheet Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms listed on the First Exam Review Sheet for HIST 101.

Beringia

Land bridge area existing from 25,000-14,000 BCE.

Paleo-Indians and Archaic Indians

Early Indigenous populations in North America covered in Lecture 1.

Medieval Warm Period

Historical climate period lasting from 900-1300 CE.

Three Sisters

Agricultural crops consisting of corn, squash, and beans.

Ancient Puebloan (Anasazi) culture

Indigenous culture centered at Chaco Canyon from 700-1300 CE.

Mississippian (mound builder) culture

Indigenous culture centered at Cahokia from 900-1300 CE.

Marco Polo

Explorer and author of Book of Marvels (1300).

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer (1451-1506) who initiated European contact with the Americas.

Taino Indians

Indigenous inhabitants of the Caribbean encountered by early Spanish explorers.

Columbian Exchange

Biological and cultural exchange between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres beginning in 1492.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Spanish historian and friar who authored History of the Indies (1563).

Encomienda system

Spanish colonial labor and land-grant system lasting from c. 1492-1542.

Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs (or Mexica) between 1519-1521.

Montezuma

Ruler of the Aztec empire during the invasion by Hernán Cortés.

Malinche

Indigenous woman who served as an interpreter for Hernán Cortés and spoke Nahuatl (the Aztec language).

Txlaxcallans

Indigenous group that served as Hernán Cortés's native allies against the Aztecs.

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in 1533.

Henry VIII

King of England whose reign lasted r. 1509-1547.

English Reformations

Series of religious changes in England between 1532-1558.

Elizabeth I

Queen of England whose reign lasted r. 1558-1603.

Roanoke

The 'lost colony' established by the English, lasting from 1585-1590.

Puritans

English religious group seeking reform of the Church of England who settled in New England.

Plymouth Colony

English colonial settlement established in 1620.

Massasoit/Wampanoags

Leader (Massasoit) and Native American tribe (Wampanoags) in New England.

Tisquantum (Squanto)

Native American who served as an interpreter and guide to the English settlers at Plymouth.

Charles I

King of England whose reign lasted r. 1625-1649.

The Great Migration

Puritan migration period to New England spanning 1630-1650.

John Winthrop, Arbella sermon

Puritan leader John Winthrop and his famous sermon delivered aboard the Arbella.

Wampum

Traditional shell beads used by Native American tribes for trading, diplomacy, and ceremonial purposes.

Pequot War

Armed conflict between New England colonists and Pequot Native Americans lasting from 1636-1638.

King Philip’s War

Armed conflict between English settlers and Indigenous inhabitants of New England lasting from 1675-1676.

Paternalism

Social system and ideology where authority figures govern or dictate behavior in a paternal role.

Coverture

Legal status where a woman's legal rights were subsumed by those of her husband upon marriage.

Midwives

Women who assisted in childbirth and healthcare within early colonial communities.

Deputy husbands

Women who assumed complete legal and economic responsibilities on behalf of their absent husbands.

Anne Hutchinson (1637 heresy trial)

Puritan spiritual advisor put on trial for heresy in 1637 due to her religious views.

Salem Witchcraft Crisis

Period of hysteria leading to witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692.