Cell Energy

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Aerobic Respiration

The process of releasing energy from food; oxygen is required.

Anaerobic Respiration

The process of releasing energy from food without the use of oxygen.

Alcohol Fermentation

The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and alcohol.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

The conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid .

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

ATP

energy

ADP

a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy produced by photosynthesis and broken down in cellular respiration.

Oxygen

Required for aerobic respiration and a product of photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide & Water

Required for photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration

38

Number of ATP produced in aerobic respiration.

2

Number of ATP produced in anaerobic respiration.

Mitochondria

An organelle found in large numbers in active cells; produces energy for the cell.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

location of light dependent reactions

thylakoid

location of light independent reactions

stroma

location of glycolysis

cytoplasm

Location of Krebs Cycle

matrix of mitochondria

Location of ETC

inner membrane of mitochondria

organisms that undergo lactic acid fermentation

animals

In what organisms does alcohol fermentation occur?

plants, yeasts, bacteria

light, water, carbon dioxide

reactants of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

products of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

reactants of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, ATP

products of cellular respiration

reactants of light dependent reactions

sunlight and water

products of light dependent reactions

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

reactants of light independent reactions

CO2, ATP, NADPH

products of light independent reactions

glucose

reactant of glycolysis

glucose

product of glycolysis

2 pyruvate

Reactant of Krebs Cycle

2 pyruvate, oxygen

Products of Krebs Cycle

CO2 and electrons

Reactants of ETC

O2 and electrons

Products of ETC

Water and ATP

requirement for Krebs cycle and ETC to happen

oxygen

reactant for anaerobic respiration

glucose

products of lactic acid fermentation

lactic acid and 2 ATP

products of alcohol fermentation

alcohol, CO2 and 2 ATP

Purpose of photosynthesis

Convert solar energy into chemical energy (glucose)

purpose of cellular respiration

Glucose is used to make usable ATP energy

purpose of glycolysis

break down of glucose into pyruvate

ATP/ADP cycle

How a cell regenerates its ATP supply. ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate group, then ATP forms as ADP gains a phosphate group.

Another name for the Calvin Cycle

light independent reactions

Where is energy stored in ATP?

in the bonds between the phosphates

Produces most of the ATP of cellular respiration

electron transport chain