Solubility Rules and Ion Charges in Chemistry

What does the acronym SNAAP stand for?

Sodium (Na+), Nitrate (NO3-), Ammonium (NH4+), Acetate (C2H3O2-), Potassium (K+)

Which salts are ALWAYS soluble in water?

Group 1 cations, Nitrate (NO3-), Ammonium (NH4+), Acetate (C2H3O2-), and Potassium (K+)

Nitrate formula and charge

NO3⁻

Ammonium formula and charge

NH4⁺

Acetate formula and charge

C2H3O2⁻

Carbonate formula and charge

CO3²⁻

Phosphate formula and charge

PO4³⁻

Hydroxide formula and charge

OH⁻

Sulfate formula and charge

SO4²⁻

Chromate formula and charge

CrO4²⁻

Are Halides (Br-, Cl-, I-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Soluble (aq)

What are the insoluble exceptions for Halides (Br-, Cl-, I-)?

Ag+, Hg+, and Pb²⁺

Are Carbonates (CO3²-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Insoluble (s), except when paired with SNAAP ions / Group 1

Are Phosphates (PO4³-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Insoluble (s), except when paired with SNAAP ions / Group 1

Are Hydroxides (OH-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Insoluble (s), except with SNAAP ions and Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

Which 3 hydroxides are soluble besides Group 1 / SNAAP?

Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

Are Sulfates (SO4²-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Soluble (aq)

What are the 6 insoluble sulfate exceptions?

Ag2SO4, PbSO4, Hg2SO4, SrSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4

Are Chromates (CrO4²-) generally soluble or insoluble?

Insoluble (s), except when paired with SNAAP ions / Group 1

Is Na2CO3 soluble or insoluble? Why?

Soluble (aq) - Sodium (Na+) is a SNAAP / Group 1 ion

Is AgCl soluble or insoluble? Why?

Insoluble (s) - Ag+ is an exception to the halide solubility rule

Is Ca(OH)2 soluble or insoluble? Why?

Soluble (aq) - It is one of the explicit hydroxide exceptions

Is BaSO4 soluble or insoluble? Why?

Insoluble (s) - BaSO4 is an exception to the sulfate solubility rule

Is NH4NO3 soluble or insoluble? Why?

Soluble (aq) - Both NH4+ and NO3- are ALWAYS soluble (SNAAP)

Is PbSO4 soluble or insoluble? Why?

Insoluble (s) - PbSO4 is an exception to the sulfate solubility rule