Oral Communication

Communication

a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts media and cultures

Sender

the source of information or message

message

the information, ideas or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions

encoding

the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands

Decoding

the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the reciever

channel

the medium or the means such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed

receiver

the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message

feedback

the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

context

the environment where the communication takes place

barrier

the factors that affect the flow of communication

Linear Communication
Interactive Communication
Transactional Communication

Models of Communication

Linear Model Communication

one-way process, the sender send the message to the receiver through a channel which the receiver has no way of responding to the given message

shannon-weaver model

known as the mother of all communication models

source
transmitter
channel
reception
destination

five elements of of shannon-weaver model

Transactional Model

two-way process, feedback is given by the receiver to the sender

Schramm Model

there is an exchange of thoughts and ideas from the sender is the receiver

sender
encoding
receiver
encoding
feedback

elements of schramm model

transactional model

there are many senders and receivers, noise can be heard everywhere

Physical Barrier
Psychological Barrier
Cultural Barrier'
Linguistic Barrier

Four Categories of Communication Barriers

Physical Barrier

natural or environmental conditions that act as barriers in communication whenever we are sending our messages

Psychological Barriers

mental barriers that refer to social media and personal issues of a speaker towards communicating with others

Cultural barriers

communication problems that are encountered by people due to their own personal values, beliefs, and traditions which are i conflict with others

Linguistic Barriers

words and delivery of statements have different meanings, especially in different places. Hence they may cause confusion and misunderstanding among communicators

Internal Noise
External noise
Semantic noise

similar idea of communication barriers