11.6 Valence Bond Theory: Orbital Overlap as a Chemical Bond

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15 Terms

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valence bond theory

advanced model of chemical bonding in which electrons reside in quantum-mechanical orbitals localized on individual atoms that are a hybridized blend of standard atomic orbitals; chemical bonds result. from an overlap of these orbitals

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hybridized atomic orbitals

blend or combination of two or more standard atomic orbitals

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interaction energy

energy usually calculated as a function of the internuclear distance between the two bonding atoms

<p>energy usually calculated as a function of the internuclear distance between the two bonding atoms</p>
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potential energy

interaction energy y axis

<p>interaction energy y axis</p>
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internuclear distance

interaction energy x axis

<p>interaction energy x axis</p>
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0

When atoms are far apart, the interaction energy is nearly _ because the 2 atoms do not interact to any significant extent.

<p>When atoms are far apart, the interaction energy is nearly _ because the 2 atoms do not interact to any significant extent.</p>
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more

As the atoms get closer, the interaction energy becomes ____ (more/less) negative due to net stabilization that attracts one hydrogen atom to the other.

<p>As the atoms get closer, the interaction energy becomes ____ (more/less) negative due to net stabilization that attracts one hydrogen atom to the other.</p>
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increase

If atoms are too close together, the interaction energy begins to ___________ (increase/decrease) due to the mutual repulsion of positively charged nuclei.

<p>If atoms are too close together, the interaction energy begins to ___________ (increase/decrease) due to the mutual repulsion of positively charged nuclei.</p>
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minimum

The most stable point on the curve occurs at the __________ (minimum/maximum) of the interaction energy, where x is equilibrium bond length.

<p>The most stable point on the curve occurs at the __________ (minimum/maximum) of the interaction energy, where x is equilibrium bond length.</p>
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equilibrium bond length

most stable internuclear distance with minimum interaction energy where hydrogen’s 2 atomic 1s orbitals have a significant amount of overlap and electrons spend time in nuclear region where they can interact with both nuclei

<p>most stable internuclear distance with minimum interaction energy where hydrogen’s 2 atomic 1s orbitals have a significant amount of overlap and electrons spend time in nuclear region where they can interact with both nuclei</p>
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bond energy

value of the interaction energy at the equilibrium bond length

<p>value of the interaction energy at the equilibrium bond length</p>
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negative

The interaction energy is usually __________ (positive/negative) or stabilizing when the interacting atomic orbitals contain a total of 2 electrons that can spin-pair (orient with opposing spins).

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chemical bond

A ________________ results from the overlap of two half-filled orbitals with spin-pairing of the two valence electrons.

<p>A ________________ results from the overlap of two half-filled orbitals with spin-pairing of the two valence electrons.</p>
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orbitals

The geometry of overlapping _________ determines the shape of the molecule.

<p>The geometry of overlapping _________ determines the shape of the molecule.</p>
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90

Hydrogen sulfide H2S has a predicted bond angle of ___ degrees because p orbitals are oriented at __ degrees to one another.

<p>Hydrogen sulfide H2S has a predicted bond angle of ___ degrees because p orbitals are oriented at __ degrees to one another.</p>