PATH 201 - LECTURE 1

What is the term for the mechanism of how disease develop

pathogenesis

what are the three types of tools of pathology

• gross

• microscopic

• molecular

what is an example of a gross pathological tool

autopsy

what is an example of a microscopic pathological tool

histology

what are some examples of molecular pathological tools

• IHC

• FIS

• cell isolation and cell culture

what in terms of preparation must be considered when viewing a histological slide

• the plane of the section

• depending on which plane cells have been cut in, they may appear to be a different shape and therefore a different cell

• the same applies for vessels and any other types of tissue

what type of epithelia is found in the larynx/trachea

pseudostratified coloumnar ciliated epithelium

what type of epithelium protects from abrasion

• simple cuboidal

what are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium

• protection from invading material and abrasion

• protects from excessive water loss due to semi-permeability

what is the function of simple columnar epithelium

• ion transport of electrolytes

What epithelium is found in the glomerulus in the kidney

podocyte

what are the 3 main types of connective tissue

• adipose

• bone

• tendon

which type of connective tissue is designed to hold lipids

• adipose

which type of connective tissue has flattened cells that withstand pressure

tendons

what are the main blood cells

• erythrocyte

• monocyte

• lymphocyte

• neutrophil

• eosinophil

• basophil

• platelet

what is the function of erythrocytes

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide via haemoglobin

what is the function of a monocyte?

phagocytosis after transforming into a macrophage

what is the function of lymphocytes?

mediate immune response

what are some examples of lymphocytes

• B cells

• T cells

• NK cells

what is the function of eosinophils?

• allergic reactions

• defence against parasites

what is the function of basophils

bind to IgE

release histamine (inflammatory response)

what is the function of a platelet

• blood clotting

describe the shape of an RBC

• pink-red bioconcave disc

describe the nucleus of an RBC

• anucleate

describe the nucleus of a monocyte

• mononuclear with a kidney shaped nucleus

describe the nucleus of a neutrophil

• segmented with 2-5 lobes

what colour granules does a neutrophil have under a glemsa stain

• purple/pink

how many lobes does an eosinophil have

2-3

what colour granules does an eosinophil have under a glemsa stain

• orange/red

how many lobes does a basophil have

• 2 lobes

describe the nucleus of a basophil

• obscure

describe the colour of granules of basophils under a glemsa stain

• blue-purple

describe the appearance of platelets under a glemsa stain

• small

• pale

• purple- blue cytoplasmic fragments

what colour granules do platelets have under a glemsa stain

• purple

what are the layers of the GI tract

• mucosa

• submucosa

• muscularis (propria)

• adventitia

what are the layers of the mucosa

• epithelial layer

• supporting lamina propria

• muscularis mucosa