AH III Exam 3 - Aortic Aneurysms

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15 Terms

1
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Risk factors for AA (key ones) (4)

  • Smoking *most modifiable

  • Atherosclerosis (75% of all AAAs)

  • Htn

  • CAD


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Pathophys of Aortic Aneurysm

Weakened vessel wall (middle layer)

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S/S of Aortic Aneurysm (2)

  • Asymptomatic until rupture ☹ → want to catch it early!!

  • Once ruptured → chest, back or flank pain; occurs spontaneously + quickly


4
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Gold standard for aortic aneurysm dx

CTA!!! (CT w contrast) → evaul the pt’s bloodflow

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Medication management w AA & why (2)

  • Control htn → weakened wall under pressure will BURST

  • Statins → decrease plaque buildup in pts


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Surgical management for AA (2)

  • **Surgical repair** is the only tx effective in preventing AAA rupture & death

  • Mortality rates decrease if surgery is performed electively


<ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(17, 146, 106);"><strong>**Surgical repair**</strong></span> is the only tx effective in <span style="color: rgb(39, 92, 16);"><strong>preventing</strong> </span>AAA <strong>rupture</strong> &amp; death </p></li><li><p>Mortality rates decrease if surgery is performed electively </p></li></ul><p></p>
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What does surgery do for AA (2)

  • Further reinforce weakened arterial wall

  • Help vessel stay intact


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Complications of AA (BADD) (2)

  • Aortic dissection

  • Aneurysm rupture


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What is an aortic dissection?

Vessel pulls away from wall → bulges + will rupture

BADD!!!!

<p>Vessel pulls away from wall → bulges + will rupture </p><p>BADD!!!!</p>
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What is a ruptured aneurysm?

  • Rupture causes sudden & extreme loss of blood → internal bleeding, low survival rate ☹ (ppl will prolly die)

  • REALLY BAD!!


<ul><li><p>Rupture causes sudden &amp; extreme loss of blood → <span style="color: red;"><strong>internal bleeding</strong></span>, <span style="color: red;"><strong>low survival rate <span data-name="frowning_face" data-type="emoji">☹</span></strong></span> (ppl will prolly die) </p></li><li><p>REALLY BAD!!</p></li></ul><p></p>
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AA assessment

  • Asymptomatic until rupture → vast majority are silent; rupture or dissection are the 1st s/s


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VS for AA

Once ruptured (internal bleeding) → hypoten/tachycardia

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<p>Key neuro assessment for <strong>aortic arch</strong> aneurysm (2) </p>

Key neuro assessment for aortic arch aneurysm (2)

  • Mimic stroke s/s

  • Pressure on subclav artery which decreases blood flow to the carotid


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What may u hear for auscultation in abd for aortic abd aneurysm

WHOOSHING sound

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KEY for managing aortic aneurysm/preventing

  • ANTIHYPERTENSIVES!!!! → control pts BP!!!