rehab II week 3 study

Which of the following best describes an ischemic stroke?

A. Bleeding occurs inside the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel.

B. Blood flow to part of the brain is blocked, usually by a clot.

C. The brain temporarily stops functioning because of low blood sugar.

D. The brain experiences an infection that damages nerve cells.

B. Blood flow to part of the brain is blocked, usually by a clot.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is best described as

A. Permanent damage to brain tissue caused by bleeding.

B. A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain without acute infarction.

C. A stroke that always causes permanent paralysis.

D. A condition caused by a blood clot in the heart.

B. A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain without acute infarction.

Which of the following is a common risk factor for a CVA?

A. Low blood pressure.

B. Hypertension.

C. Low cholesterol.

D. Regular physical activity.

B. Hypertension.

A patient experiences a right MCA stroke. Which impairment would the OTA MOST likely expect?

A. Right-sided weakness and expressive aphasia.

B. Left-sided weakness and left-sided neglect.

C. Right-sided weakness and right-sided neglect.

D. Left-sided weakness and expressive aphasia.

B. Left-sided weakness and left-sided neglect.

A patient has experienced a left MCA stroke. Which combination of impairments is MOST likely?

A. Left-sided hemiplegia and left-sided neglect.

B. Right-sided hemiparesis and possible aphasia.

C. Left-sided weakness and impulsivity.

D. Right-sided weakness and left-sided neglect.

B. Right-sided hemiparesis and possible aphasia.

A patient understands what the therapist is saying but struggles to produce words. What type of aphasia does this patient MOST likely have?

A. Receptive aphasia.

B. Global aphasia.

C. Expressive aphasia.

D. Sensory neglect.

C. Expressive aphasia.

A patient speaks fluently but their words do not make sense, and they have difficulty understanding spoken language. This is most consistent with:

A. Expressive aphasia.

B. Receptive aphasia.

C. Apraxia.

D. Dysphagia.

B. Receptive aphasia.

Which statement BEST describes the OT's role in CVA rehabilitation?

A. Diagnose the location of the stroke and prescribe medication.

B. Focus only on restoring muscle strength.

C. Help clients regain independence in meaningful occupations and daily activities.

D. Prevent clients from participating in activities until all symptoms disappear.

C. Help clients regain independence in meaningful occupations and daily activities.

An OTA is working with a patient who has left-sided neglect following a right MCA stroke. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate?

A. Encourage the patient to ignore the left side to avoid frustration.

B. Place all objects on the patient's right side.

C. Use visual scanning strategies and encourage attention to the left side.

D. Complete all activities for the patient.

C. Use visual scanning strategies and encourage attention to the left side.

Which of the following is a common sign of a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A. Chest pressure or pain, shortness of breath, and sweating.

B. Increased appetite and improved energy.

C. Sudden improvement in exercise tolerance.

D. Mild itching and dry skin

A. Chest pressure or pain, shortness of breath, and sweating.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when:

A. The heart completely stops beating.

B. The heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs.

C. The lungs permanently stop functioning.

D. Blood flow to the brain becomes blocked.

B. The heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs.

Which finding is commonly associated with CHF?

A. Peripheral edema, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

B. Increased muscle strength and endurance.

C. Improved oxygen circulation.

D. Decreased fluid retention.

A. Peripheral edema, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

What is the primary purpose of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

A. Replace the heart with an artificial heart.

B. Repair damaged brain tissue.

C. Create a new pathway for blood to flow around blocked coronary arteries.

D. Remove fluid from the lungs.

C. Create a new pathway for blood to flow around blocked coronary arteries.

A patient develops chest pain during an OT treatment session. What should the OTA do FIRST?

A. Encourage the patient to continue at a slower pace.

B. Stop the activity and help the patient rest safely.

C. Ask the patient to walk around to improve circulation.

D. Continue treatment while monitoring the patient's performance.

B. Stop the activity and help the patient rest safely.

Which of the following is a sign of cardiac distress?

A. Chest discomfort and unusual shortness of breath.

B. Mild hunger before lunch.

C. Improved coordination.

D. Normal breathing during rest.

A. Chest discomfort and unusual shortness of breath.

What does a MET measure?

A. The amount of blood in the heart.

B. The energy cost of an activity compared with resting metabolism.

C. The amount of oxygen stored in the brain.

D. The number of heartbeats per minute.

B. The energy cost of an activity compared with resting metabolism.

A patient can safely perform activities requiring approximately 2.5 METs. Which activity would be the MOST appropriate example of a self-care task?

A. Running up several flights of stairs.

B. Heavy yard work.

C. Sitting while performing a sponge bath.

D. Jogging for 20 minutes.

C. Sitting while performing a sponge bath.

What is the main purpose of energy conservation techniques?

A. Increase fatigue so the patient builds endurance faster.

B. Help patients complete meaningful activities while reducing unnecessary energy expenditure.

C. Prevent patients from completing ADLs independently.

D. Eliminate the need for rest breaks.

B. Help patients complete meaningful activities while reducing unnecessary energy expenditure.

Which of the following is an example of energy conservation?

A. Standing while getting dressed, even when sitting is possible.

B. Completing every household task without stopping.

C. Sitting while performing grooming and taking planned rest breaks.

D. Rushing through activities to finish faster.

C. Sitting while performing grooming and taking planned rest breaks.

Which statement BEST describes sternal precautions following CABG?

A. The patient should avoid all movement of the arms and legs.

B. The patient should protect the healing sternum by following prescribed movement and lifting restrictions.

C. The patient should lift heavy objects to strengthen the chest.

D. The patient should avoid walking until the sternum completely heals.

B. The patient should protect the healing sternum by following prescribed movement and lifting restrictions.

Which cardiac medication class may lower heart rate and blood pressure by reducing the effects of adrenaline on the heart?

A. Beta blockers.

B. Antibiotics.

C. Antacids.

D. Antihistamines.

A. Beta blockers.

What is an important OT consideration when working with a patient taking diuretics?

A. They may cause fluid retention.

B. They may increase urination and contribute to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

C. They always increase blood pressure.

D. They eliminate the need to monitor activity tolerance.

B. They may increase urination and contribute to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

Which wheelchair component provides support for the patient's feet?

A. Armrests.

B. Push rims.

C. Footrests/footplates.

D. Handgrips.

C. Footrests/footplates.

What is the PRIMARY purpose of proper wheelchair positioning?

A. Improve appearance only.

B. Promote safety, alignment, comfort, pressure distribution, and functional participation.

C. Prevent the patient from moving independently.

D. Eliminate the need for transfers.

B. Promote safety, alignment, comfort, pressure distribution, and functional participation.

Which physical agent modality uses warm wax to provide superficial heat and is commonly used for hands?

A. Cryotherapy.

B. TENS.

C. Paraffin.

D. NMES.

C. Paraffin.

True or False: A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in or around the brain ruptures and causes bleeding.

True

True or False: A right MCA stroke commonly causes right-sided weakness and left-sided neglect.

False

True or False: Global aphasia can affect both expressive and receptive language abilities.

True

True or False: A person with left-sided neglect may not recognize or attend to objects or body parts on their left side.

True

True or False: An OTA should encourage independence in ADLs while following the occupational therapist's established plan of care and medical precautions.

True

True or False: A patient experiencing chest pain during activity should continue exercising to improve cardiovascular endurance.

False

True or False: CHF can cause fluid accumulation in the lungs and/or peripheral tissues.

True

True or False: Beta blockers can lower heart rate, while some medications such as nitrates can lower blood pressure.

True

True or False: Energy conservation includes pacing, planning, prioritizing, positioning, and taking rest breaks.

True

True or False: TENS primarily stimulates sensory nerves to help manage pain, while NMES stimulates motor nerves to produce muscle contractions.

True

You are working with a patient who experienced a right MCA stroke. During dressing, the patient repeatedly forgets to put their left arm into the shirt sleeve and bumps into objects on their left side.

What is the MOST appropriate intervention?

A. Complete dressing for the patient to prevent frustration.

B. Use visual cues, scanning strategies, and verbal reminders to encourage awareness of the left side.

C. Avoid dressing activities until the patient regains full sensation.

D. Encourage the patient to use only the right arm.

B. Use visual cues, scanning strategies, and verbal reminders to encourage awareness of the left side.

During an OT session, a patient with a history of cardiac disease becomes pale, sweaty, dizzy, and complains of chest pressure.

What should you do?

A. Encourage the patient to finish the activity.

B. Immediately stop activity, ensure the patient is safely resting, assess and monitor according to facility protocol, and obtain urgent medical assistance.

C. Give the patient water and resume therapy.

D. Have the patient walk to improve circulation.

B. Immediately stop activity, ensure the patient is safely resting, assess and monitor according to facility protocol, and obtain urgent medical assistance.

A patient is recovering from CABG surgery. You are helping them get dressed. Which intervention is MOST appropriate?

A. Ask the patient to push forcefully through both arms to stand.

B. Encourage heavy lifting to rebuild upper-body strength.

C. Teach modified dressing techniques while following prescribed sternal precautions.

D. Avoid all self-care activities until discharge.

C. Teach modified dressing techniques while following prescribed sternal precautions.

A patient with CHF becomes fatigued while completing a morning grooming routine at the sink. Which intervention would BEST support occupational performance?

A. Encourage the patient to complete the entire routine without stopping.

B. Have the patient sit while grooming, organize supplies within reach, and incorporate rest breaks.

C. Increase the speed of the activity.

D. Remove all grooming supplies to decrease distractions.

B. Have the patient sit while grooming, organize supplies within reach, and incorporate rest breaks.

A patient has difficulty maintaining proper trunk alignment in their wheelchair and frequently slides forward in the seat.

What should the OTA prioritize?

A. Add more pillows without assessing the patient's posture.

B. Assess wheelchair fit and positioning, including pelvic alignment, seat dimensions, and appropriate supports.

C. Tighten the seat belt as much as possible.

D. Encourage the patient to remain in the wheelchair without repositioning.

B. Assess wheelchair fit and positioning, including pelvic alignment, seat dimensions, and appropriate supports.