Digestive Physiology (A and P Lab)

Zymogen

Inactive enzymes that need another enzyme or chemical to convert them to the active form

Trypsinogen

What is the zymogen released by the pancreas into the duodenum?

Pancreas

What organ releases trypsinogen into the duodenum?

Enterokinase

What enzyme released by the wall of the duodenum converts trypsinogen to active trypsin.

Duodenum

Which organ produces enterokinase?

Trypsin

What is the active form of trypsinogen?

Trypsin

The enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of other zymogens to activate them and hydrolyzes the peptide bonds of oligopeptides in the chyme making shorter and shorter peptides.

Protein

What macromolecule is broken down by trypsin?

BAPNA

A synthetic substrate with a dye bound to an amino acid.

Yellow

Trypsin cleaves the dye molecule from the amino acid in BAPNA to cause the solution to change to a bright __________ color.

Zymogens

Trypsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds of _________ like chymotrysinogen and procarboxypeptidase to active them (chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase)

Emulsification and enzymatic degredation

What are the two steps required to digest lipids?

Emulsification

The first step of lipid digestion where the lipids are mechanically separated into smaller and smaller droplets by bile

Pancreatic Lipase

What enzyme breaks lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in the duodenum?

Glycerol and fatty acids

What are the products of enzymatic degradation of triglycerides?

Lower

Fatty acids will ________ the pH of a solution.

Litmus Cream

What is the substate that will be used in the experiment?

Pink

What color will the litmus cream turn if fatty acids are present?

Blue/Lavender

Neutral litmus cream is _________

Pink

Acidic litmus cream is ________

Bile

What substance is necessary for the emulsification of lipids?

Bile Salts

_________ ________ released from the liver and gallbladder emulsify lipid droplets to form micelles.

Micelles

Bile salts released from the liver and gallbladder emulsify lipid droplets to form _________.

Pancreatic Lipase

________ __________ functions within micelles to digest each triglyceride into a monoglyceride and two free fatty acids

Monoglyceride

Pancreatic lipase functions within micelles to digest each triglyceride into a _________ and two free fatty acids

Absorbed

Monoglycerides and fatty acids are _____________ by an epithelial cell.

Chylomicron

Triglycerides are reassembled in the epithelial cells then wrapped in a protein to form a __________.

Lacteal

Chylomicrons are packaged into vesicles, exocytosed from the cell, and are absorbed by a ________.

Amylase

Enzyme that breaks the bonds between glucose molecules, resulting in shorter glucose chains. Found in saliva and released in pancreatic juices.

Salivary Amylase

Enzyme that hydrolyzes starch that is released from the exocrine salivary glands into the oral cavity.

Pancreatic Amylase

Enzyme that hydrolyzes bonds of starch that is produced from the pancreas and released into the duodenum.

Salivary Amylase

Which enzyme begins the process of digesting starch into shorter glucose strands?

Pancreatic Amylase

Which enzyme continues the digestion of starch into smaller oligosaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides?

Small Intestine

In addition to amylase there are several brush border enzymes in the _______ _________ including dectrinase, glucoamylase, and maltase that can break down sugars.

Iodine-potassium iodide solution

What solution is used to indicate the presence of starch by forming a blue/black/purple color?

Dark blue/black/purple

What color will the solution turn if starch is present and the iodine-potassium iodide indicator is added?