Cell Biology Unit 2 (Chapter 7, 8 and 12)

fluid mosaic model

amphipathic

having one polar and one nonpolar end, allows formation of lipid bilayer in membranes

phospholipid

fatty acids (tails) with a phosphate group attached (head) which compose the lipid bilayer, are amphipathic

phosphoglycerolipid

sphingolipid

glycolipid

sterol/cholesterol

saturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid

transition temperature (Tm)

homeoviscous adaptation

lipid raft/domain

membrane asymmetry

lateral diffusion

transverse diffusion (flip-flop)

flippase

FRAP

freeze-fracture microscopy

integral

peripheral

lipid-anchored membrane proteins

transmembrane segment

glycoprotein

glycocalyx

cell adhesion

gap junction

plasmodesma

selective permeability

solute

diffusion

osmosis

tonicity

isotonic

hypotonic

hypertonic

turgor pressure

plasmolysis

liposome

concentration gradient

electrochemical gradient

membrane potential

simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

active transport

carrier vs. channel

carrier alternating conformation

uniport

symport

antiport

aquaporin

porin

gated ion channel

primary/direct vs. secondary/indirect active transport

ATPase pump

Na+/K+ ATPase

Na+/glucose symporter

proton gradient

ABC transporter

multidrug resistance (MDR)

endomembrane system

ER cisternae

ER lumen

rough ER

smooth ER

transitional ER

translocon

signal sequence

cotranslational import

secretory protein

cytochrome P450

detoxification

smooth-ER calcium storage

sarcoplasmic reticulum

glucose-6-phosphatase

Golgi stack

cis-Golgi network (CGN)

trans-Golgi network (TGN)

stationary-cisternae model

cisternal maturation model

vesicle

exocytosis

anterograde vs. retrograde transport

glycosylation

chaperone

proteasome

sorting/targeting tag