Mythology Midterm

I fucking hate this class but i gotta study so I won't fail

Meaning of Mythology

The study of myths

What are some aspects of myths

Helps people understand the world and nature, shares values and lessons, can be a cautionary tale or entertainment

How did the greeks look at myths

For the meaning of life in the world around them

How did hebrews look at myths

To god for the meaning of life

How did the romans look at myths

For the meaning of life in earthly authority

What elements are within greek mythology

Human gods making heaven a familiar place, magic being nonexistent, the gods being depicted as human like but more beautiful

Archetype

Ideas common to all people

Arete

Heroic excellence or inborn virtue

Catharsis

A purging of the mind and soul

Dike

Proper order of things, human justice

Epic

Cultural hero story from the oral tradition

Fate

destiny

Hero

An archetypal figure who journeys to complete a quest

Hubris

Pride, excessive self-confidence towards the gods

Motif

recurring story element

Myth

Men’s attempt to explain what they saw around them

Pantheon

A catalog or list of the gods of a particular culture

Hospitality

Failing to have this would be a sin against Zeus

Alienation from nature

The idea that to be civilized, you had to be separate from nature

Bull of heaven

Used to exact revenge on Gilgamesh after he insulted Ishtar

Siduri

Tavern keeper who gives Gilgamesh the advice to enjoy each day he gets because humans weren’t meant to live forever

Enlil

Brought on the flood and was enraged because Utnapishtim and his wife survived

The furies

Sprang from the blood of Uranus, their job was to pursue and punish sinners

Prometheus

Chained to the Caucasus Mountains and tortured for disregarding Zeus’ superiority and aiding the human race

Themis

Told Deucalion and Pyrrah to throw their mothers bones behind them in order to reproduce the population after the flood

Hecatonchires

Children od gaea and uranus that have 100 hands and 50 heads

Humbaba

Protects the cedar forest, got defeated by Gilgamesh and Enkidu

Chaos

Greek: a gap or chasm, Hebrew: water

Atlas

Brother of Prometheus who was punished to bear the world on his back forever

Why did the gods create Enkidu

To provide a counterforce to Gilgamesh’s power

Who introduced Enkidu to civilization

A temple prostitute (shamhat)

Why does Gilgamesh reject Ishtar

Because he doesn’t want to be her plaything

Which god supports Gilgamesh’s incursion into the cedar forest

Shamash, god of the sun

Gilgamesh dreams that a mountain falls on top of him and Enkidu. What does Enkidu say this dream foretells?

Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s triumph over humbaba

Why does Gilgamesh leave Uruk after Enkidu dies

to find our how he can avoid having to die himself

How does Urshanabi’s boat cross the waters of death

Gilgamesh poles it

God created humanity in the image of this

God’s image

The garden where god placed adam

Garden of eden

The brother whom cain killed

Abel

The man who built the ark because god was going to send a flood

Noah

The sign of god’s covenant with noah

a Rainbow

The place where people built a tower in an attempt to make a name for themselves

babel

God confused the people’s language so they could no longer do this together

The tower of babel

The man god commanded to leave his country and go to a land god would show him

Abraham

The land god promised to abraham and his descendants

canaan

The physical sign of gods covenant with abraham and his descendants

circumcision

The woman who laughed when she heard that she would have a son at her old age

Sarah

The son of abraham and sarah

Isaac

After the flood noah sent this bird out a second time, and it returned with an olive leaf

a dove

The animal Abraham scarified instead of isaac

ram

the quality abraham demonstrated by not withholding isaac from god

the fear of god

Her carcass was used by marduk for the purpose of creation, half the heavens, hal

Tiamat

Clotho, Lachesis & Atropos, they control lifespans

The fates

a theological legitimization of the rise of marduk as the supreme god of babylon

Enuma Elish

Goddess of the hunt, one of the virgin goddess

Artemis

One of zeus’s lovers that hera transformed into a bear

Callisto

Apollo’s first lover, turned into a laurel tree

Daphne

Challenged artemis to a weaving contest, won then got turned into a spider

arachne

King of arcadia who got turned into a wolf

Lycaon

had 100 eyes, hera put his eyes in her peacock after he was killed by hermes

Argus

Goddess of life and death

Persephone

Beautiful trojan prince seized by zeus’s eagle

Ganymede

Ruled over the titans until his son Zeus dethroned him

Cronus

Carried off by zeus to crete disguised as a bull

Europa

Roman name: Zeus

Jupiter

Roman name: Hera

Juno

Roman name of posiden

Neptune

roman name of hestia

vesta

roman name of ares

mars

roman name of athena

minerva

roman name of aphrodite

venus

roman name of hermes

mercury

roman name of artemis

diana

roman name of hephaestus

vulcan

roman name of demeter

ceres

roman name of dionysus

bacchus

Who are the two other virgins besides artemis

hestia & athena

opposes the worship of dionysus

pentheus

the mastermind behind semeles death

hera

former king of thebes and grandfather of pentheus, honored dionysus

cadmus

prophet who supports dionysus and warns pentheus about resisting the gods

tiresias

pentheus’ mother, kills her own son in a state of madness

agave

women who support dionysus

maenads

the form of divine power that killed semele

lightning

the clothing and appearance of Dionysus convince Pentheus to adopt so that he can spy on the bacchae

a female disguise

the god who comes to thebes disguesed as a mortal man

dionysus

the hunter whos fate was used as a warning to pentheus because he was torn apart by his own hunting dogs

actaeon

this god sets a trap to catch mars and venus in their affair

vulcan

the ritual staff carried by dionysus

thyrsus

cadmus and his wife were turned into this animal for not truly believing in dionysus

a snake

what pentheus thinks the stranger looks like in his dionysus induced madness

a bull

order, calm rationality, and moderation

apollonian

what is dionysus the god of

theatre

disorder and excess

dionysian

Killed himself because he thought his girlfriend was killed by a lion

pyramus

tells alcyone in a dream that ceyx is dead

morpheus

the statue that aphrodite brings to life

galatea

a follower of artemis that is transformed into a spring

arethusa

places endymion in eternal sleep

Selene, moon goddess

nymph punished by hera for talking too much and got rejected by narcissus

echo