History Final Flashcards

Use these flashcards to study for the history final. These flaschards are perfect

What central idea did FDR stress in his 1936 acceptance speech

Economic inequality poses a threat to true freedom, requiring equal opportunity both in the polling place and the market place.

Who made up the opposition to the Second New Deal

Opposition from business-friendly Republicans, conservative southern Democrats, and the Supreme Court.

What concept is described in Alain Locke’s “Enter the New Negro”

The emergence of a new, self-aware spirit among the younger generation of African Americans.

What was the purpose of the “Double V” campaign

To achieve racial equality at home and victory over fascism abroad.

What did Hiram Evans advocate for in terms of “Americanism”

Promotion of racial purity and the supremacy of the white race.

How did flappers represent cultural shifts in the 1920s

Adoption of new fashion trends and social behaviors.

What was the significance of the Roosevelt Recession

Event allowing gains by conservative opponents in the 1938 midterm elections.

What did FDR mean by his “test of our progress” statement

The provision of enough for those who have too little, rather than adding to the abundance of those who have much.

What triggered the Korean War in 1950

The successful surprise attack by North Korean forces on South Korea.

How were secure messages handled by the U.S. during WWII

Navajo and Comanche Code Talkers.

How did the U.S. first react to Japan’s aggression in China

By imposing economic sanctions (trade restrictions on oil and scrap metal).

What was Hoover’s main argument against the New Deal

The potential destruction of the foundations of the American system by the New Deal.

What policies were included in Huey Long’s “Share Our Wealth” program

Promotion of a welfare state with government-provided homesteads, wealth limits, income limits, and public works.

How did the New Deal change American politics by the late 1930s

It increased voter turnout and loyalty to the Democratic Party (creating the New Deal Coalition).

Why did the U.S. decide to use atomic weapons against Japan

Belief that an invasion of the Japanese mainland could cost half a million American casualties and millions of Japanese civilians.

What economic approach did Calvin Coolidge favor

He believed in limited government involvement (Laissez-faire).

Why did families migrate across states during this time

The search for better job opportunities and living conditions.

What was Hoover’s view on government intervention in business

Diminishing freedom and progress.

What was the main idea of Crystal Eastman’s “Now We Can Begin”

Advocating for freedom and economic independence for women.

What solution did FDR propose in 1937 to address opposition

Expand the Supreme Court (the 'court-packing plan').

What made the Manhattan Project significant

It produced the world's first atomic bombs.

Which government department did McCarthy accuse of communism

The State Department.

What was the main goal of the G.I. Bill

To ease the transition of returning veterans into civilian life through education and housing benefits.

What was Marcus Garvey trying to accomplish with the UNIA

To unite the global Negro population for the improvement of their conditions.

How did Americans initially respond to reports of Nazi camps

They often doubted the existence or scale of the camps.

How did Hoover respond to the Great Depression

He relied on volunteerism and private charities.

What was the purpose of Executive Order 8802

The end of racial discrimination in defense industries.

What law gave workers the right to organize unions

The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act of 1935).

What campaign promise did Warren G. Harding make

A 'return to normalcy'.

How did General MacArthur respond to the Bonus Army

He ordered them to leave, leading to a violent confrontation.

What was a major part of FDR’s Second New Deal

The Social Security Act.

How did FDR handle proposals aimed at helping Black Americans

He often rejected them (like anti-lynching bills) to avoid provoking Southern Democrats.

How did the Harlem Renaissance impact views of African American culture

By highlighting the contributions of African Americans to arts and literature.

What strategy did the Allies use in the Pacific during WWII

Island hopping.

What is the main goal of the United Nations

To maintain global peace and security.

What was the purpose of the Bracero Program

Bringing Mexican workers to fill labor shortages in the United States.

What was the result of restrictive immigration policies during the Great Depression

More people left the United States than entered it.

What role did the Air Force play in WWII

Aerial bombing campaigns.

What did Truman emphasize in 1947 about supporting free peoples

Ideological freedom.

Which statement about D-Day is false

The Allied troops landed in Calais (they actually landed in Normandy).

What did the Brown v. Board of Education decision declare

Declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal.

What event led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

The arrest of Rosa Parks.

What Cold War policy did George Kennan outline

A policy of containment of Soviet expansionist tendencies.

Why did the UN support South Korea in 1950

The Soviet Union boycotted the Security Council session when the decision was made.

What civil rights action did Harry Truman take

He desegregated the armed forces.

What was the goal of the Marshall Plan

To make communism less appealing by creating economic prosperity in Europe.

Why were the Soviets suspicious of the U.S. and Britain during WWII

The delay in opening the 'second front' in Europe.

What was Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” message about

Urged the world to explore peaceful uses of atomic energy and reduce the threat of atomic warfare.

What was the outcome of the Scopes Trial

John T. Scopes was convicted, affirming the ban on teaching evolution (later overturned on a technicality).

What are the Four Freedoms outlined by FDR

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.