American and French Revolutions Lecture Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key terms, historical figures, acts, and phases of the American and French Revolutions.

Seratogs

The 1777 battle whose American victory persuaded France to enter a formal military alliance with the colonies.

taille

The direct tax in Old Regime France paid exclusively by commoners.

гдетстве Аста

British parliamentary laws passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts by closing Boston Harbor and altering local government.

Bourgioise

The educated, middle-class members of France's Third Estate, including merchants, lawyers, and doctors.

Sans-Curettes

Working class Parisian radicals (without knee breeches) who demanded revolutionary changes.

Tennis court oath

The June 20, 1789 pledge by Third Estate deputies never to separate until they had written a constitution for France.

Stamp act

The 1765 British parliamentary law placing a direct tax on printed material and legal documents in the American colonies.

Committe of Public Safety

A 12-man council led by Maximilien Robespierre that directed government and executions during the Reign of Terror.

Like in Masse

Mass military conscription enacted in 1793 to raise a civilian citizen army to defend France against foreign invaders.

Col d'etat

A sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government, such as Napoleon's seizure of power in November 1799.

Townshend Acts (1707)

British acts in response to which colonial women organized a movement to produce homemade clothes and support non-importation boycotts.

Boston Tea Bentze

The December 1773 protest against the Tea Act in which colonists dumped 312 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.

Impact sentence formula

An analytical structure requiring the statement of what happened and so what—how it pushed the colonies toward independence or military victory.

Yorktown

The final major battle of the American Revolution in October 1781 where American and French forces trapped General Comwells.

Dion of September 1783

The official agreement signed by Great Britain recognizing American independence.

First Estate

The legal order of Catholic Clergy prior to 1789 who made up less than 1% of the population and owned 10% of the land.

Second Estate

French nobles who held major government and military roles and paid little to no taxes.

Third Estate

The legal order representing the general French population, including peasants, urban workers, and the wealthy middle class.

Estate-anal

The assembly summoned on May 5, 1709 by King Louis XVI due to severe royal debt caused by extravagant court spending and funding foreign wars.

National Assembly

The representative body formed on June 17, 1789 when the Third Estate declared itself the true sovereign power of France.

July 14, 1795 storming

The event in which Parisians stormed a medieval fort and prison for gunpowder and arms to protect the city against royal troops.

Constitution of 1791

Constitutional document establishing that lawmaking authority belonged to the assembly, though the King retained veto power.

Directory

The five-member council that assumed executive power under the Constitution of 195 following the execution of Robespierre.

Nes yellanis code

Napoleon's legal system that preserved legal gains of the Revolution, including male legal equality and meritocracy.

Moderate Stage (1789-1791)

The early phase of the French Revolution intended to limit absolute royal power or eliminate feudal privileges.

Radical Stage (1792-1794)

The revolutionary stage led by Robespierre that departed from moderate ideals of individual rights and human liberties.