Endocrine System

Chapter 11 Med Term

acr/o

extremities

aden/o

gland

adren/o

adrenal gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

calc/o

calcium

carcin/o

cancer

chem/o

drug

cortic/o

outer layer

crin/o

to secrete

cyst/o

bladder/sac

cyt/o

cell

fibr/o

fibers

gluc/o

glucose

glyc/o

sugar

glycos/o

sugar

gynec/o

female

hem/o

blood

immun/o

protection

kal/i

potassium

ket/o

ketones

lapar/o

abdomen

lob/o

lobe

mast/o

breast

natr/o

sodium

neur/o

nerve

ophthalm/o

eye

or/o

mouth

oste/o

bone

ovari/o

ovary

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pineal/o

pineal gland

pituit/o

pituitary gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland

radi/o

radiation

retin/o

retina

testicul/o

testes

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o

thyroid gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

toxic/o

poison

-dipsia

thirst

-ectomy

surgical removal

-edema

swelling

-emia

blood condition

-emic

pertaining to a blood condition

-globin

protein

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-ism

state of

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlarged

-oma

tumor

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-prandial

pertaining to a meal

-uria

urine condition

edema

condition which body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid

exophthalmos

condition in which the eyeballs protrude outward, such as in graves disease

gynecomastia

development of breast tissue in males; may be symptom of adrenal feminization

hirsutism

condition of having an atypically large amount of hair

hyperglycemia

condition of having an excessive level of sugar in the blood

hyperkalemia

condition of having an excessive level of potassium in the blood

hypoglycemia

condition of having an insufficient level of sugar in the blood

hyponatremia

condition of having an insufficient level of sodium in the blood

hyposecretion

insufficient hormone production by an endocrine gland

obesity

having abnormal amount of fat in the body

Addison’s Disease

condition resulting from insufficient adrenocortical hormones

adrenal feminization

development of female secondary sexual characteristics in a male

adrenal virilism

development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female

Cushing’s syndrome

set of symptoms caused by excessive levels of cortisol due to high doses of corticosteroid drugs and adrenal tumors

pheochromocytoma

tumor, usually benign, of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine

diabetes mellitus

chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria

diabetic retinopathy

secondary complication of diabetes that affects blood vessels of the retina

insulinoma

tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells of the pancreas that secrets excessive amount of insulin

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

also called type 1 diabetes mellitus; develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production

ketoacidosis

acidosis due to excess of acidic ketone bodies

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

also called type 2 diabetes mellitus; typically develops later in life; the pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin

tetany

nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia

acromegaly

chronic disease of adults that results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities

diabetes insipidus

disorder caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

panhypopituitarism

insufficient secretion of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

thymoma

tumor in the thymus gland

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Grave’s disease

autoimmune conditions that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland and cause a crisis situation

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis

myxedema

condition resulting from hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adult

thyrotoxicosis

condition resulting from marked overproduction of the thyroid gland

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor in gland that is capable of producing hormones secreted by that gland

T3

stimulates metabolism in cells

T4

thyroxine

fasting blood sugar

blood test measures amount of sugar circulating throughout body after 12-hour fast

glucose tolerance test

blood test determines blood sugar level

protein-bound iodine test

blood test measures concentration of thyroxine circulating in bloodstream

radioimmunoassay

blood test uses radioactively tagged hormones and antibodies to measure quantity of hormone in the plasma

two-hour postprandial glucose tolerance test

blood test diagnoses or evaluates treatment of diabetes mellitus; after fasting for 12 hours, patient eats carbohydrate diet and then blood sample is taken two hours after the meal

thyroid echography

ultrasound examination of thyroid assists in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst

glucometer

device designed for diabetic person to use at home to measure level of glucose in bloodstream

lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe from an organ

insulin

replaces insulin in type 1 diabetes or treats severe type 2 diabetes