EXSC 310 - presentations

Caffeine

A stimulant drug that increases chemicals in your brain, called neurotransmitters

History of caffeine

Started with tea in 2700BC, spread through Europe - England to China, British taxing tea slowed down the spread, Finding other options to get it - coffee

Positive effects of caffeine

Alertness, better mood, better focus, better physical performance

Negative effects of caffeine

Anxiety, heart palpitations, increased blood pressure, struggle sleeping

Caffeine releases

Dopamine and norepinephrine

Caffeine blocks

Adenosine

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Naturally, occurring hormone primarily produced in the kidneys, release in response to oxygen levels, stimulates red blood cell production, increases the bodies oxygen carrying capacity

1989

FDA approved, treat chronic kidney disease for those who cannot produce enough EPO on their own

Benefits of EPO

Increase red blood cell production, improve oxygen delivery to muscles, increase aerobic endurance

Side effects of EPO

Increase blood thickness, greater risk of blood clots, stroke, heart attacks, high blood pressure, artery blockage

Endurance training improves from EPO

Cardiac output, capillary density, aerobic capacity, mitochondrial function

What can EPO usage cause for athletes?

Disqualification, suspension, loss of eligibility

• Form of blood doping

Menthol

An organic compound found in plants, most commonly in mint plants, also synthetic

What does menthol activates

TRPM8 channels

• cold sensitive receptors

Menthol benefits

Increases exercise performance, comfort, endurance, help delayed onset muscle soreness

1771

Menthol as an isolated compound

Menthol usage

Applied directly to the surface of skin or oral rinse

Menthol side effects

Oral intake can irritate GI tract, skin irritation, narrowing of blood vessels in area of application

Gate control theory of pain

Temporarily mask pain

Yoga

Mental and physical balance, complete harmony between mind and body

Over 5000 years ago

Yoga in ancient India, rituals

Benefits of yoga

Improve balanced sleep quality, stress management, mental health, relieves some pain, can reduce risk of injury

risks of yoga

Sprains and strainers higher in older adults

Blood doping

Increasing red blood cells so that the blood carries more oxygen to the muscles, artificially increase red blood cell count

Autologous blood doping

Athletes own blood is removed, stored and reinfused before competing

Homologous blood doping

Blood from a matched donor is transfused into the athlete

EPO and other drugs blood doping

Hormones and other drugs make the body produce extra red blood cells

1960

Studies show red blood cells improve endurance

1985

Blood doping banned

Short term effects of blood doping

More oxygen delivered to muscles, better endurance and recovery

Immediate risks of blood doping

Thicker blood and higher blood pressure, headaches and dizziness, fever, allergic reactions, infection, blood clots

Long term effects of blood doping

Heart attack, stroke, damage to liver, iron overload