Biochemistry Quiz 3

These are the notes for the biochemistry 3

Stages of photosynthesis

Capture energy, use energy to make ATP and NADPH, use ATP and NADPH to make carbohydrates

Stroma

Cytoplasm-like structure in plants that synthesizes carbohydrates

Carotenoid color

400 to 500 nm (indigo to turquoise)

Photosystems convert light

Electron excitement transports it to NADH and ATP molecules

Source of electrons

The water molecules have the electron taken off which then turns it into oxygen.

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

light-dependent process in photosynthesis where electrons move in a linear (non-cyclic) path through two photosystems to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

Calvin cycle

Carbon fixation, reduction, RuBP

Core function of photosynthesis

Fixation of CO2

Properties of rubisco

photosynthesis and photoresparation

Rubisco

The primary enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules during photosynthesis.

C4 cycle

Plants at higher temperature use PEP carboxylase instead of rubisco.

Difference of cell division of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotic is circular and eukaryotic is linear

Mitosis

The key process where a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

The division for sexual reproduction

G1 stage

When a cell grows to prepare for division and copies its DNA

Interphase

2nd growth stage where the DNA and organelles duplicate

Early prophase

When chromatin begins to form chromosomes and DNA is packed

Centromere

The constricted region of a eukaryotic chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids together and serves as the attachment site for spindle fibers during cell division

Metaphase

When spindle fibers in animal cells begin to appear.

Telophase

Sister chromatids are at opposite poles and unpacked DNA reemerges

G2 Checkpoint

Tests if DNA is properly replicated

Cancer cells characteristic

Cancer cells usually refuse to follow cell division checkpoints

M checkpoint

Test if cells chromosomes are distributed properly